Ihame rya progaramu yo kuvura indangagaciro hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mu nganda (ebyiri) uburyo bwo gutegura icyitegererezo cyerekana uburyo burambuye

Ihame rya progaramu yo kuvura indangagaciro no kuyikoresha mu nganda (ebyiri) uburyo bwo gutegura icyitegererezo cya valve uburyo burambuye Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura cryogenic kiracyari mubyiciro byubushakashatsi. Ugereranije, uburyo bwa kirogenike bwibyuma bya fer (ibyuma nicyuma) byakozweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, mugihe uburyo bwa cryogenic bwibyuma bidafite fer nibindi bikoresho ntabwo byizwe cyane, kandi ntibisobanutse neza, isesengura ryibikorwa bihari rishingiye ahanini. ibikoresho by'ibyuma n'ibyuma. Gutunganya microstructure bivamo gushimangira no gukaza umurego. Ibi ahanini bivuga gucamo ibice byambere bya martensite. Intiti zimwe zitekereza ko martensite lattice ihoraho yahindutse. Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko gutunganya microstructure biterwa no kubora kwa martensite no kugwa kwa karbide nziza. Ihuza ryo hejuru: Valve ihame ryo kuvura no gukoresha inganda (1) 2. Uburyo bwo kuvura Cryogenic Uburyo bwo kuvura cryogenic buracyari mubyiciro byubushakashatsi. Ugereranije, uburyo bwa kirogenike bwibyuma bya fer (ibyuma nicyuma) byakozweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, mugihe uburyo bwa cryogenic bwibyuma bidafite fer nibindi bikoresho ntabwo byizwe cyane, kandi ntibisobanutse neza, isesengura ryibikorwa bihari rishingiye ahanini. ibikoresho by'ibyuma n'ibyuma. 2.1 Uburyo bwa Cryogenic buvanze na ferrous alloy (ibyuma) Kuburyo bwo kuvura cryogenic yo kuvura ibyuma nicyuma, ubushakashatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga bwateye imbere kandi bwimbitse, kandi buriwese yageze kubwumvikane, ibitekerezo nyamukuru nibi bikurikira. 2.1.1 Imvura ya karbide nziza cyane ya martensite, bikaviramo gukomera, byemejwe nubushakashatsi hafi ya bwose. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko martensite ari cryogenic kuri -196 ℃ kandi kubera kugabanuka kwijwi, lattice ya Fe Ihoraho ifite imyumvire yo kugabanuka, bityo igashimangira imbaraga zo gutwara imvura ya karubone. Nyamara, kubera ko gukwirakwiza bigoye cyane kandi intera ikwirakwizwa ni ngufi ku bushyuhe buke, umubare munini wa karubide ya ultrafine yatatanye igwa kuri matrix ya martensite. 2.1. Intiti zimwe zemeza ko gukonjesha korojene bishobora gukuraho burundu austenite isigaye. Bamwe mu bahanga basanze gukonjesha korojene bishobora kugabanya gusa urugero rwa austenite isigaye, ariko ntibishobora kurandura burundu. Byizerwa kandi ko gukonjesha korojene bihindura imiterere, gukwirakwiza nuburyo bwimiterere ya austenite isigaye, ifasha kuzamura imbaraga nubukomezi bwibyuma. 2.1.3 Kunonosora imitunganyirize Gutunganya microstructure bivamo gushimangira no gukaza umurego. Ibi ahanini bivuga gucamo ibice byambere bya martensite. Intiti zimwe zitekereza ko martensite lattice ihoraho yahindutse. Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko gutunganya microstructure biterwa no kubora kwa martensite no kugwa kwa karbide nziza. 2.1. Mugihe cyo gushyushya ibintu, guhangayika bisigaye bitangwa hejuru yubusa, bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kwinenge imbaraga zaho zibikoresho. Imikorere ihebuje ni ugutezimbere kwambara nabi. 2.1.5. Ubuvuzi bwa cryogenic bwohereza igice cyingufu za kinetic hagati ya atome, bityo bigatuma atome ihuza cyane kandi igateza imbere igitsina cyicyuma. 2.2. Ariko ituma ubushobozi bwayo bugabanuka. Dukurikije isesengura, uburyo bwo kuvura cryogenic nuburyo bukurikira: igice A - Co cyahinduwe kuri ξ - Co hakoreshejwe imiti ya kirogenike, kandi imihangayiko isigaye isigaye ikorwa mugice cyo hejuru 2.2.2 Uburyo bwibikorwa byo kuvura cryogenic kuri umuringa n'umuringa ushingiye ku mavuta Li Zhicao n'abandi. yize ku ngaruka zo kuvura cryogenic kuri microstructure hamwe nimiterere ya bronze ya H62. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko kuvura cryogenic bishobora kongera ibintu ugereranije β -cyiciro muri microstructure, bigatuma microstructure ikunda kuba itajegajega, kandi ishobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga nimbaraga zumuringa wa H62. Nibyiza kandi kugabanya guhindura, guhagarika ingano no kunoza imikorere yo guca. Mubyongeyeho, Cong Jilin na Wang Xiumin n'abandi. ya kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Dalian yize uburyo bwo kuvura korojeni y’ibikoresho bishingiye kuri Cu, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo guhuza CuCr50 vacuum, kandi ibisubizo byerekanaga ko kuvura cryogenic bishobora gutuma microstructure itunganywa ku buryo bugaragara, kandi hakaba haribintu bya dialyse bihurira hamwe. , hamwe numubare munini wibice byaguye hejuru yububiko bubiri. Irasa na phenomenon ya karbide yaguye kumupaka wingano na matrix hejuru yicyuma cyihuta nyuma yo kuvura cryogenic. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuvura cryogenic, kurwanya ruswa yamashanyarazi yibikoresho byanduye. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na cryogenic yo kuvura electrode y'umuringa mu bihugu by'amahanga byerekana ko amashanyarazi akorwa neza, guhindura plastike yo gusudira bigabanuka, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bukiyongera hafi inshuro 9. Ariko, nta gitekerezo gisobanutse kijyanye nuburyo bwo kuvanga umuringa, bushobora guterwa no guhindura imiringa yumuringa ku bushyuhe buke, ibyo bikaba bisa no guhindura austenite isigaye kuri martensite mu byuma, no gutunganya ingano. Ariko uburyo burambuye ntiburamenyekana. 2.2.3. Biravugwa ko kuvura cryogenic bishobora guteza imbere plastike ya nikel ishingiye kuri nikel kandi bikagabanya ibyiyumvo byabo byo guhinduranya ibitekerezo. Ibisobanuro by'abanditsi b'ibitabo ni uko kugabanuka k'ibintu biterwa no kuvura cryogenic, kandi microcrake ikura mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. 2.2.4. ubukanishi bwibikoresho bya amorphous. Abanditsi bemeza ko ubuvuzi bwa kirogenike butera kwibumbira mu bintu bitari magnetiki hejuru, bikavamo inzibacyuho yimiterere isa nuburuhukiro bwimiterere mugihe cyo gutegera. 2.2.5. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kuvura cryogenic bishobora gukuraho ibibazo bisigaye bya aluminium silicon karbide yibikoresho kandi bigateza imbere modulus ya elastique, amahoro Shang Guang fang-wei jin nabandi basanze ubuvuzi bwa kirogenike bugamije kunoza ibipimo bya aluminiyumu, kugabanya imikorere yimashini. , kunoza imbaraga nubukomezi bwibikoresho, Nyamara, ntabwo bakoze ubushakashatsi buri gihe kubijyanye nuburyo bujyanye, ariko muri rusange bizeraga ko imihangayiko iterwa nubushyuhe yongereye ubucucike bwa dislocation ikabitera. Chen Ding n'abandi. wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga yo hagati y’amajyepfo yize kuri gahunda ingaruka zo kuvura cryogenic kumiterere ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane. Basanze ikibazo cyo guhinduranya ingano ya aluminiyumu yatewe no kuvura cryogenic mu bushakashatsi bwabo, banasaba urukurikirane rw'uburyo bushya bwo kongera imbaraga za kirogenike zikoreshwa kuri aluminiyumu. Ukurikije ihame rya GB / T1047-2005, diameter nominal ya valve ni ikimenyetso gusa, kigereranywa no guhuza ikimenyetso "DN" numubare. Ingano yizina ntishobora kuba igipimo cya diameter yapimwe agaciro, kandi agaciro ka diameter nyayo ya valve giteganijwe nibipimo bijyanye. Agaciro rusange gapimwe (mm mm) ntigomba kuba munsi ya 95% yubunini bwizina. Ingano yizina igabanijwemo sisitemu (ikimenyetso: DN) na sisitemu yo mubwongereza (ikimenyetso: NPS). Indangantego yigihugu isanzwe ni sisitemu ya metero, na valve isanzwe y'Abanyamerika ni sisitemu y'Ubwongereza. Bitewe n’inganda, imijyi, ** hamwe n’isi yose, ibyiringiro by’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ibikoresho by’abashinwa ni binini, inganda zizaza ejo hazaza **, imbere mu gihugu, izigezweho, bizaba icyerekezo nyamukuru cy’iterambere ry’inganda zizaza. Gukurikirana udushya duhoraho, shiraho isoko rishya ryinganda za valve, kugirango ureke ibigo mumarushanwa arusheho gukomera mumashanyarazi ya pompe yinganda zo kubaho no kwiteza imbere. Mu musaruro wa valve nubushakashatsi no guteza imbere inkunga ya tekiniki, valve yimbere mu gihugu ntabwo isubira inyuma kurenza valve yamahanga, kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byinshi mubuhanga no guhanga udushya birashobora kugereranywa ninganda mpuzamahanga, iterambere ryinganda zimbere mu gihugu riratera imbere muri icyerekezo kigezweho. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya valve, ikoreshwa ryumurima wa valve rikomeza kwaguka, kandi ibipimo bihuye nabyo ni byinshi kandi ni ngombwa. Ibicuruzwa byinganda byinjiye mugihe cyo guhanga udushya, ntabwo ibyiciro byibicuruzwa gusa bigomba kuvugururwa, imicungire yimbere munganda nayo igomba kunozwa ikurikije amahame yinganda. Diameter ya nominal hamwe numuvuduko wizina wa valve GB / T1047-2005, diameter nominal ya valve nikimenyetso gusa, igereranwa nuruvange rwikimenyetso "DN" numubare, ingano yizina ntishobora kuba ** igipimo cya diameter yapimwe, agaciro ka diameter nyayo ya valve giteganijwe nuburinganire bujyanye, agaciro rusange gapimwe (mm mm) ntigomba kuba munsi ya 95% yubunini bwizina. Ingano yizina igabanijwemo sisitemu (ikimenyetso: DN) na sisitemu yo mubwongereza (ikimenyetso: NPS). Indangantego yigihugu isanzwe ni sisitemu ya metero, na valve isanzwe y'Abanyamerika ni sisitemu y'Ubwongereza. Agaciro ka metric DN naya akurikira: Agaciro DN yatoranijwe niyi ikurikira: DN10 (diameter nominal 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN200, DN250, DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400, DN1600, DN1800, DN2000, DN2200, DN2400, DN2600, DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 T1048-2005 isanzwe, igitutu cyizina cya valve nacyo cyerekana, kigereranywa no guhuza ikimenyetso "PN" numubare. Umuvuduko w'izina (unite: Mpa Mpa) ntushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubara, ntabwo ** agaciro nyako gapimwe ka valve, intego yo gushiraho igitutu nominal nukworoshya ibisobanuro byumubare wumuvuduko wa valve, muguhitamo , ibishushanyo mbonera, ibice byo gukora nibikoreshwa bikurikiza ibikubiye mumibare hafi yihame, gushiraho ingano yizina nintego imwe. Umuvuduko w'izina ugabanijwe muri sisitemu yu Burayi (PN) na sisitemu y'Abanyamerika (> PN0.1 (umuvuduko w'izina 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63 / 64 , PN100 / 110, PN150 / 160, PN260, PN320, PN420 Ibintu. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya valve biroroha mugushushanya, gutoranya no kugurisha valve, Muri iki gihe, hariho ubwoko bwinshi nibikoresho byinshi bya valve, kandi sisitemu yicyitegererezo ya valve iragenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi igipimo cyurugero rwicyitegererezo, ariko byinshi kandi ntibishobora guhaza ibikenerwa byinganda ziterambere irakoreshwa kumarembo, amarenga ya trottle, imipira yumupira, ikinyugunyugu, diaphragm valves, plunger valves, valve ya PLUG, cheque valve, umutekano wumutekano, igitutu kigabanya imyanda, imitego nibindi kumuyoboro winganda. Harimo icyitegererezo cya valve no kwerekana izina. Uburyo bwa Valve bwerekana uburyo bwihariye bwo gutegura Ibikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cya buri kode muburyo busanzwe bwo kwandika bwa moderi ya valve: Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana imyiteguro yikurikiranya Gusobanukirwa igishushanyo cyibumoso nintambwe yambere yo gusobanukirwa nuburyo butandukanye bwa valve. Dore urugero rwo kuguha ibisobanuro rusange: Ubwoko bwa Valve: "Z961Y-100>" Z "ni igice 1;" 9 "ni ibice 2;" 6 "ni ibice 3;" 1 "ni ibice 4;" Y " ni kubice 5 "100" ni ibice 6 "I" ni ibya Unit 7 Moderi ya valve ni: irembo ryamarembo, gutwara amashanyarazi, guhuza weld, ubwoko bwa wedge irembo rimwe, kashe ya karbide, umuvuduko wa 10Mpa, ibikoresho bya chrome-molybdenum; . Igice cya 1: Ubwoko bwimyandikire ya kode Kubibindi bifite indi mirimo cyangwa hamwe nubundi buryo bwihariye, ongeramo ijambo ryigishinwa mbere yimyandikire yubwoko bwimyandikire, ukurikije imbonerahamwe ikurikira: Ibice bibiri: uburyo bwo kohereza Igice cya 3: Ubwoko bwihuza Igice cya kane: Ubwoko bw'imiterere Irembo rya valve imiterere yububiko kode yuburyo bwububiko bwisi, trottle na plunger valve