simbi isina tsvina yepakati kudzvanywa globe vharafu

Kubva pakatanga kushanda "International Maritime Organisation Ballast Water Convention" munaGunyana 2017, varidzi vezvikepe vanga vachidana kambani yeFinnish yekuvaka uye yeinjiniya yemugungwa kuti iite ongororo yakazvimiririra yehurongwa hwayo hwekushandura mvura. Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, masiginicha akawedzerwa ku2004 International Convention yeKudzora uye Management yeShips 'Ballast Mvura uye Sediments. Izvi hazvigoni kuvanza chokwadi chekuti izvi zvakarambidzwa neInternational Maritime Organisation (IMO) kubva payakaumbwa. Nyika makumi mashanu nembiri dzakasaina zvibvumirano neIMO dzapfuura makumi matatu anodiwa, asi dzakangoverengera 35.1441% yematani epasi rose, isingapfuure 35% chikumbaridzo chinodiwa kutanga kupinda musimba mwedzi gumi nemiviri mushure mekubvumidzwa. Zvinoita sekuti "gwaro" remutemo rave pedyo, asi harisati riri basa riri nyore. Nekudaro, muna 2016, muridzi wechikepe akazvisiira nyaya, nekuti aitenda zvakasimba kuti kuita kwakanakisa kweBWMS kwezvikepe zvaivepo kwaida nekukurumidza mhinduro dzehunyanzvi. Foreship, kambani inotungamira yezvivakwa zvemugungwa uye yeinjiniya yeinjiniya, nguva pfupi yadarika yanga ichipa kurudziro yakadzama pamusoro pesarudzo dzekudzoreredza, uye kudzidza kwekuita kunovhara ngarava imwechete. Mapoka masangano ari kuongorora akasiyana ehunyanzvi matekinoroji uye akafanana matekinoroji anopihwa nevatengesi vakasiyana vemarudzi akasiyana uye mazera ezvikepe, uye kuongorora iro rose rekuisa basa, nzvimbo yekuisa, uye yechinguvana uye yekusingaperi zvimiro zvigadziriso. Olli Somerkallio, aimbova mukuru wedhipatimendi remuchina, akatsanangura kuti kunyangwe sarudzo pakati pemasisitimu ichizotungamirwa nemutengo, hazvisi nyore kuenzanisa. "Tinotarisa pane zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira, zvinoreva nzvimbo yemidziyo, pombi dzemvura uye kuenderana kwemagetsi," Somerkallio akadaro. "Kuti uwane mhedzisiro ine musoro, unoda hunyanzvi mukugadzira ngarava, mainjiniya emugungwa, uye maitiro engarava." Iyo cruise ship sector's ballast water flow rate rate inodiwa kazhinji iri pasi pe500m3/h, zvichitungamira varidzi vezvikepe kuti vasarudze UV-based BWMS tekinoroji, inoita kuti mhuka dzinopinda "dzisagoneke" pachinzvimbo chekudziuraya. Nekudaro, sezvave kutaurwa zvakanyanya, iyo US Coast Guard haisati yatozobvumidza iyo UV bvunzo zviyero. Pamusoro pezvo, michina yeUV haigoneke kune yakakura kuyerera mazinga anodiwa neiyo main ballast mvura system pazvikepe zvakakura zvinotakura zvinhu (senge matangi emafuta uye anotakura akawanda). Pano, electrochlorination (EC) yave mhinduro inosarudzwa. EC inogadzira mishonga ine chlorine-based disinfectants nekupfuura yakananga ikozvino mumvura kukonzeresa kuita nesodium chloride. Iyo yemahara chlorine inogadzirwa inouraya mabhakitiriya uye mamwe ma microorganisms mumatangi eballast. Muchikamu chedeballasting, chlorine yemukati inoyerwa uye neutralizer inounzwa sezvinodiwa. Varidzi vanofanirwa kucherechedza kuti iyo yekuwedzera pombi inodiwa neBWMS, ine hukama mafittings uye mavharuvhu, uye BWMS pachayo ndiwo masosi ekurasikirwa kwekumanikidza. Somerkallio inopa zano kuti ndeipi mapombi eballast anofanirwa kuve nemusoro wakakwana kumisikidza kuti aagadzirise. Akataura kuti ramangwana rinoita kuti kuomerwa kurasikirwa nekuongorora kuve chikamu chekugoneka kwekudzidza nekuti dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa kukwidziridza pombi impeller kana mota. Akati: "Panyaya yakaipisisa, pombi yose inogona kuchinjwa." Somerkallio akati kutariswa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwawo matangi, nekuti mvura yeballast inoitwa pauta nekumashure panguva imwe chete. Matangi e ballast ari kumashure anowanzozara matatu-makota uye saka akakosha pakuyerera kusingadzivirirwe kwechikepe. Pano, iyo huru ballast system pombi inowanikwa mukamuri yepombi yemafuta (nzvimbo ine njodzi), saka haigone kushandiswa kupomba mvura kune steren peak tank munzvimbo yakachengeteka. Iyo pombi yekumashure haigone kubatana zvakananga kune iyo huru BWMS. Iyo yakajairika yepakati-renji mafuta tanker ingangoda kuyerera kukuru kweiyo ballast system kuve 2000 m3 / h, uye yakakamurwa kuita port uye starboard ballast matangi. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa neBWMS mbiri dzine simba re 1000m3 / h, kana nekubatanidza mapombi maviri kune imwe chete BWMS yegadziriro imwechete yekugadzirisa. Iko kudiwa kwega kwega kwemvura ye stern ballast kunobatwa nemapombi esevhisi akabatanidzwa kune diki BWMS ine kuyerera kwe250-300m3/h (semuenzaniso). Chidzidzo chechangobva kuitika cheForeship chakaongororwa zvakadzama mhinduro mbiri dzeEC dzakapihwa nevagadziri vemakwikwi: imwe inotora EC mune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese; kune rimwe divi, EC inoitika mudivi rukova uye "makemikari zvinhu" zvinounzwa Ballast tank. Somerkallio akataura kuti, kutaura zvazviri, masisitimu makuru ari nyore, akareruka, uye madiki pane lateral kuyerera masisitimu, uye anoshandisa angangoita 25% mashoma magetsi. Nekudaro, akawedzera kuti hunhu hune chekuita nekuisa, kuita uye kuchengetedzeka kunogona kunyengetedza kusarura ikozvino mhinduro. "Semuenzaniso, maererano nemugadziri, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwe electrode uye zvinhu, iyo huru EC system inogona kushanda pamvura yakadzika zvakanyanya, asi haigoni kushanda mumvura inenge zero ine salinity yakadai seGreat Salt Lake. Zvisungo zvakadaro hazvina kukodzera kunzvenga. masisitimu; kana munyu wakaderera pane 15 PSU, mvura yegungwa yakachengetwa inogona kushandiswa." Kuenzaniswa nehurongwa hwemazuva ose, lateral kuyerera masisitimu anogonawo kushanda mumvura inotonhora. Zvakare, vhoriyamu yegadziriro yeparutivi inogona kuva yakapetwa kaviri yegadziriro huru, uye uremu hwakawedzera ne60%, asi Somerkallio akaratidza kuti zvinonyanya kukosha kubvunza kuti iyo BWMS yakawedzerwa inotora nzvimbo. Akatsanangura kuti kufambira mberi kwehurongwa hwemazuva ose kunoda imwe yakakura yakawedzerwa deckhouse yezvikamu zviviri zveEC uye mafiritsi maviri, nepo diki lateral flow deckhouse solution inounza zvikomborero zvakakura kune EC unit nemimwe midziyo yekubatsira. Kuisa madhigirii erusununguko. Panyaya yenzvimbo yepasi, zvigadziriso zvemazuva ose zvingada zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvenzvimbo inodiwa pamativi ekuyerera kwemhinduro, asi kana imwe yerutivi inoyerera system ichishanda pamapombi maviri, mutsauko unenge usingaite. Saizvozvo, huwandu hwemapombi anodiwa kuEC process kupatsanurwa inodiwa nesidestream system yakapetwa kaviri yeiyo mainstream system. Nekudaro, mazhinji emamwe mapaipi madiki mudhayamita (DN20, DN40). Somerkallio akataura kuti kunyangwe akawedzera mamwe zvirevo pamusoro pekuisa matangi, mabhii aya akasimbisa kunyatsotariswa kwezvinodikanwa zvengarava dzega. Hazvina mhosva kuti ndeipi mhinduro inodiwa kune iyo huru sisitimu, iyo stern tank inoda kurongeka kwakasiyana. Iwe unogona kufunga kuisa yakaparadzana UV kana EC sisitimu kumashure, asi iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa iyo EC mhinduro mukati mengarava, saka iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuzviparadzanisa-refu pombi system pakati peiyo main system uye stern system. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, "makemikari" anogadzirwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka achagoverwa zvakasiyana kune yekumashure peak yekuchengetedza tank system. Somerkallio akataura kuti marudzi ese eEC masisitimu anoburitsa haidrojeni sechigadzirwa, achiwedzera kuti iyi yedivi-rukova sarudzo zvirokwazvo inounza njodzi huru: kana iri nyaya yekushaikwa kwemhepo, inogona kubviswa kubva mu chlorine buffer tank kuburikidza nekumanikidza mhepo. Hydrogen yakagumbusa BWMS. Chechitatu, vashandi vanoisa pamberi pekugadzirisa vanofanira kufunga kuti kunyange zvazvo masisitimu makuru ari musimboti asina kuoma, zvichireva kuti zvikamu zvishoma, maBWMS maviri akasiyana anogona kudiwa: zvakazara, huwandu hwezvikamu huchawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, Foreship yakataura kuti masisitimu akajairwa aanoongorora anowanzo kukonzeresa nekufamba kwenguva kupfuura maseva ayo makuru. Kusiyana neizvi, ese ari maviri masisitimu anoda kugara achitsiva mafirita, asi mushure memaawa mazana maviri nemazana mashanu, mapombi epadivi-anoyerera uye anofuridza anoda kutariswa. Kunyange hazvo basa rakawanda richigona kuitwa nevashandi, Somerkallio akati ongororo yakazara yekuchengetedza nzvimbo iyi ichiri kuenderera mberi. Muridzi wengarava paakatarisana nehuchokwadi hweiyo tekinoroji yekugadziridza, akati iyo yakadzama ongororo yekugonesa yakaitwa neForeship yakaratidza kuti chero zvakanakira muBWMS zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kusimba mumeso evanomira. Reuters, Copenhagen, Kukadzi 10th, Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen (Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen)-Kuwedzera kwekuda kwevatengi fenicha nemidziyo yemitambo kwakonzera kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu, izvo zvawedzera ... Yakashumwa naShrivathsa Sridhar (Reuters)- Murume wekuFrance Yannick Bestaven akaziviswa seakahwina mujaho weVendee Globe pasi rose kutanga kwesvondo rapfuura mushure mekunge awana bhonasi yenguva ye... Muna Ndira, kutengeswa kwemafuta eUS kubva kuLouisiana offshore supertanker port kwakakwira zvakanyanya nekuti vatengi vekuAsia kuunganidza mafuta asina kuchena eUS kune iyo post-denda rebound. Makuki anodiwa anonyanya kukosha kune yakajairika kushanda kwewebhusaiti. Ichi chikamu chinongova nemakuki anovimbisa iwo akakosha mabasa uye kuchengetedza maficha ewebhusaiti. Aya makuki haachengete chero ruzivo rwemunhu. Chero makuki asina kunyanya kudikanwa pakushanda kwakajairika kwewebhusaiti. Aya makuki anonyanya kushandiswa kuunganidza mushandisi data remunhu kuburikidza nekuongorora, kushambadza uye zvimwe zvakamisikidzwa zvemukati, uye anonzi makiki asina basa. Iwe unofanirwa kuwana mvumo yemushandisi usati wamhanyisa makuki aya pawebhusaiti yako.