Taura nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pemavharuvhu esimbi efoged neakakandirwa estainless simbi valve leakage fault types summary

Taura nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pemavharuvhu akafodhiwa neakakandirwa esimbi isina simbi vharafu kuvuza kukanganisa mhando pfupiso Simbi yakakandwa inoreva marudzi ese emarata ekukanda anogadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Mhando yekukanda alloy. Cast simbi yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: cast kabhoni simbi, kukanda yakaderera alloy simbi uye kukanda yakakosha simbi. Cast simbi inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira imwe yakaoma chimiro, yakaoma kugadzira kana kucheka kuumba uye inoda simba repamusoro uye zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Forging simbi inoreva zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira zvinhu uye forgings inogadzirwa nenzira yekugadzira. Masimbi akaumbwa ane mhando yepamusoro kupfuura simbi dzakakandwa, anogona kumirisana nehukuru hukuru, purasitiki, kuomarara uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemichina zvemichina zvakakwirirawo kupfuura zvikamu zvesimbi zvakakandwa, saka mamwe ese akakosha emuchina anofanirwa kugadzirwa nesimbi. Cast steel inoreva marudzi ese esimbi anokandwa anogadzirwa nenzira yekukanda. Mhando yekukanda alloy. Simbi yekukanda yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: cast carbon steel, cast low low alloy simbi uye kukanda yakakosha simbi. Cast simbi inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira imwe yakaoma chimiro, yakaoma kugadzira kana kucheka kuumba uye inoda simba repamusoro uye zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Forging simbi inoreva zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira zvinhu uye forgings inogadzirwa nenzira yekugadzira. Masimbi akaumbwa ane mhando yepamusoro kupfuura simbi dzakakandwa, anogona kumirisana nehukuru hukuru, purasitiki, kuomarara uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemichina zvemichina zvakakwirirawo kupfuura zvikamu zvesimbi zvakakandwa, saka mamwe ese akakosha emuchina anofanirwa kugadzirwa nesimbi. Forged simbi vharafu uye simbi yakakandwa vharafu musiyano: Hunhu hwesimbi yakaumbwa vharafu iri nani pane iyo yesimbi yakakandwa vharafu, inogona kumira hombe yekukanganisa simba, mapurasitiki, kuoma uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemakiniki zvivakwa zvakakwirira kupfuura simbi yakakandwa, asi dhayamita yezita zvishoma, kazhinji muDN50 pazasi. Casting valve pressure giredhi yakadzikira, inowanzoshandiswa nezita rekuti PN16, PN25, PN40, 150LB-900LB. Forged simbi vharafu mamakisi: PN100, PN160, PN320, 1500LB-3500LB, etc. Yakakandwa simbi inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira imwe yakaoma chimiro, yakaoma kuumba kana kucheka kuumba uye inoda simba rakakwirira uye zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Kukandira kuumbwa kwemvura, uye kuumba iplastic deformation process, kuumba kugadzira workpiece kunogona kuvandudza chimiro chemukati chesangano, yakanaka mechanical zvivakwa, yunifomu zviyo, yakakosha yakaoma workpiece inofanira kuumbwa, kukanda kuchakonzera kupatsanurwa, kukanganisa kwesangano, hongu, kukanda ane zvazvakanakira, kuumba yakaoma workpiece forging hakusi nyore kuvhura chakuvhe, atora kukanda. Forging valve (forged steel valve) Nhanganyaya: 1. Kugadzira kunogona kukamurwa kuva: (1) Yakavharwa nzira yekugadzira (fa forging). The forging inogona kukamurwa kufa forging, rotary forging, kutonhora musoro, extrusion, etc. The simbi blank anoiswa mufoshofa kufa neimwe chimiro kuwana forging. Zvinoenderana neiyo deformation tembiricha, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita inotonhora yekubikira (tembiricha yekubikira ndiyo yakajairika tembiricha), inodziya yekugadzira (tembiricha yekugadzira yakadzikira pane tembiricha yerecrystallization yesimbi isina chinhu) uye inopisa yekubikira (tembiricha yefodya yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yerecrystallization). (2) Vhura forging (free forging). Pane nzira mbiri dzekugadzira manyore uye mechanical forging. Simbi isina chinhu inoiswa pakati pepamusoro nepasi maviri anvil blocks (iron) uye simba rekuita kana kudzvanywa rinoshandiswa kukanganisa simbi isina chinhu kuitira kuti uwane mafogi anodiwa. 2, forging ndechimwe chezvikamu zviviri zvekugadzira, mechanical load yakakwira, yakaoma kushanda mamiriro ezvikamu zvakakosha, kushandiswa kwefogi, chimiro chezvakareruka zviripo zvekukungurutsa welding zvikamu, kunze kweprofile plate. Makomba eWelding uye kukanda kwakasununguka kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvinogona kubviswa nekugadzira. 3, iyo chaiyo sarudzo yeforging reshiyo yekuvandudza chigadzirwa mhando uye kuderedza mitengo ine hukama hukuru. Kugadzira zvinhu zvinonyanya kabhoni simbi, Stainless simbi uye alloy simbi. Forging ratio (reshiyo) inoreva chiyero chechikamu chemuchinjiko wesimbi isati yachinja kuenda kuchikamu chefa mushure mekuparara. Mamiriro ekutanga ezvigadzirwa anosanganisira ingot, bar, liquid metal uye metal powder. 4. Michina yekugadzira zvinhu zvefogi kazhinji zviri nani pane izvo zvekukanda zvezvinhu zvakafanana. Forging inzira yekugadzirisa yekuwana imwe chimiro uye saizi ine zvirinani mekiniki zvivakwa nekuisa kumanikidza kune simbi isina chinhu ine forging uye kudzvanya muchina kuita kuti simbi isina chinhu iburitse deformation yepurasitiki. Kukandira vharafu (cast steel valve) 1, kune akawanda marudzi ekukanda, zvinoenderana nenzira yekuenzanisira yeyakajairwa jecha kukanda uye kukanda kwakakosha: ① Yakajairika jecha kukanda, kusanganisira jecha rakaoma, jecha rakanyorova uye jecha rinoomesa makemikari matatu marudzi. (2) Kukandwa kwakakosha, zvinoenderana nechinhu chekukanda chinogona kukamurwa kuita kukanda kwakakosha kwesimbi uye kukanda kwakakosha kwesimbi; Kukandira kwakakosha nesimbi sechinhu chekukanda, zvinosanganisira: kukanda simbi, kukanda simbi, kukanda kwakadzika, kuenderera mberi, kukanda kwecentrifugal, etc Kukandwa kwakasarudzika nejecha remaminerari echisikigo sezvinhu zvekuumbwa kunosanganisira: kukanda kwechokwadi, kukanda mari, kukanda goko mumusangano wekukanda. , kukanda madhaka, kukanda kwakashata kukanda, ceramic casting, etc 2. Kukanda rudzi rwesimbi inopisa kushanda teknolojia. Kugadzirwa kwecasting kune zvirinani zvakakwana zvemichina zvivakwa, kuchinjika kwakapararira kwekugadzira kugadzirwa, uye yakaderera isina chinhu mutengo. 3. Kukandira ndiyo nzira yekutanga yeindasitiri yemazuva ano yekugadzira michina. Iko kunyungudutsa simbi kuita mvura uye kuidira muforoma yekukanda. 4. Nzira yekukanda inowanzobatanidza: (1) Gadzirira mold yekukanda (iyo mold inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi yemvura ive yakasimba kukanda, kunaka kwekukanda kunobata zvakananga kunaka kwekukanda), kukanda mold maererano nehuwandu hwekushandisa inogona kuva. yakakamurwa kuva mhando inoraswa, mhando dzakawanda uye yenguva refu mhando, kukanda mold maererano nezvinhu: simbi mhando, jecha rudzi, dhaka mhando, ceramic mhando, graphite mhando, etc. , carbon simbi uye simbi isina tsvina, nezvimwewo; (3) Kurasa kurapwa uye kuongorora, kukanda kurapwa kunosanganisira kukanda pamusoro pekunze zvinhu uye musimboti, kurapwa kweprotrusions (burr kugaya, kucheka uye kudurura risers uye seam kurapwa, nezvimwewo), kukanda kupisa kurapwa, kuumba, rough machining uye ngura kurapwa, nezvimwe. 5, zvikanganiso zvekukanda maitiro ekugadzira, kukanda kunoburitsa ruzha, gasi rinokuvadza neguruva uye kusvibisa nharaunda, uye zvinhu zvinodiwa (senge zvinhu zvekuenzanisira, simbi, huni, matanda, nezvimwewo) uye midziyo (senge core kugadzira). muchina, metallurgical vira, molding muchina, jecha kusanganisa muchina, pfuti inoputika muchina, nezvimwewo) zvimwe. 6. Simbi yakakandwa yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: cast carbon steel, cast low low alloy simbi uye kukanda yakakosha simbi. ① Kanda kabhoni simbi. Kanda simbi nekabhoni sechinhu chikuru chekubatanidza uye zvidiki zvezvimwe zvinhu. Carbon yemukati isingasviki 0.2% yekukanda yakaderera kabhoni simbi, kabhoni yemukati 0.2% ~ 0.5% yekukanda yepakati kabhoni simbi, kabhoni inodarika 0.5% yekukanda yakakwira kabhoni simbi. Nekuwedzera kwekabhoni yemukati, kusimba uye kuoma kwekasi kabhoni simbi inowedzera. Cast kabhoni simbi ine simba rakawanda, plastiki uye kuoma, mutengo wakaderera, unoshandiswa mumichina inorema kugadzira zvikamu zvinotakura mitoro mikuru, senge muchina wekukunguruka, hydraulic press base, etc. Inobata zvikamu zvakaita sepiro, furemu yepadivi, mavhiri uye coupler, nezvimwe. ② Kukanda yakaderera alloy simbi. Kanda simbi ine manganese, chromium, mhangura uye zvimwe alloying zvinhu. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvealloying kazhinji hahusi pasi pe5%, iyo ine hukuru hwekuomesera uye inogona kuwana zvirinani mechanic zvivakwa kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa. Kukanda yakaderera alloy simbi ine kuita kurinani pane kabhoni simbi, inogona kuderedza kunaka kwezvikamu, kunatsiridza hupenyu hwebasa. ③ Kukanda simbi yakakosha. Alloyed cast steels akakwenenzverwa kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvakakosha ndeemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji ane chinhu chimwe kana anopfuura akakwira alloying kuti awane imwe pfuma. Semuyenzaniso, yakakwira manganese simbi ine 11% ~ 14% manganese inokwanisa kushingirira kusakara, uye inonyanya kushandiswa pakupfekwa kwezvikamu zvemichina yemigodhi nemichina yeinjiniya. Simbi isina simbi ine chromium kana chromium nickel sechinhu chikuru chealloying, chinoshandiswa mukuora kana tembiricha yakakwira pamusoro pe650 ℃ zvikamu zvinoshanda, senge makemikari mavharuvhu, pombi, midziyo kana hombe yemagetsi chiteshi turbine dzimba. Pfupiso yemhando dzekukundikana kwestainless simbi vharafu kuvuza Iyo yekuvharisa pamusoro pestainless simbi vharafu kazhinji isimbi isina simbi. Muchigadziro chekugadzira, nekuda kwekusarudzwa kusina kunaka kwekugadzira zvinhu uye nzira dzisina kururama dzekukuya, haisi kungoderedza kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwevhavha, asiwo kunokanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemidziyo yesimbi isina tsvina, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvine simba rakasimba rekushanda uye kupfeka kusagadzikana, uye mukugadziriswa kweabrasive kupwanya kuchiri kukanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Iyo vharafu kune workpiece kugaya ndiyo yekutanga kune yekukuya chishandiso nesting, uyezve nerubatsiro rweabrasive particles uye kugaya mvura yakasanganiswa inoumbwa nekukuya agent kuti iwane chinangwa chekukuya kugadzirisa. Kukuya (grinding force) (grinding force) zvinoreva simba rinoshanda pachikamu chinokuya pamusoro penzvimbo, iro rinoshandiswa pachishandiswa uye simba rinoshanda panzvimbo yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nezvikamu zvinoputika. Kana kudzvinyirirwa kuri kudiki, kugaya mhedzisiro idiki. Kuwedzera kwekumanikidza, kugaya kunowedzerwa, uye kugaya kunoshanda kuchavandudzwa. Zvisinei, kana dzvinyiriro ichiwedzera kune imwe kukosha, chiitiko chekuzadza chinoitika, uye kushanda kwekugaya kunowanzosvika pakukosha kukuru. Kana kudzvinyirirwa pane imwe unit unit kunoramba kuchiwedzera, kushanda kunoderera. Stainless simbi valve kuvuza dambudziko haigoni kuderedzwa, tinoita pfupiso diki yezvinetso zvinotevera, ndinovimba zvichave zvinobatsira kunzira yako yekushandisa: 1. Stainless simbi yevhavha yekubatanidza leakage Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kutarisa kana valve. uye bhaudhi yekubatanidza vharafu yakasimbiswa. Kana iyo isina kusimbiswa, iyo gasket mhete uye iyo flange yekuisa chisimbiso groove pamusoro haina kubatanidzwa zvizere, izvo zvinowanzo tungamira mukudonha. Tarisa mabhoti uye nuts munhevedzano uye simbisa mabhoti ose kusvikira zvindori zvegasket zvakasimbiswa zvakasimba. Chechipiri, saizi uye kurongeka kwemhete ye gasket uye flange yekuisa chisimbiso groove pamusoro inofanira kuongororwa. Kana iyo yekuisa chisimbiso chepamusoro saizi isiriyo kana yakanyanya kushata, mhete ye gasket inofanira kugadziriswa kana kuvandudzwa. Uyezve, tarisa kana paine imwe corrosion, makomba ejecha, makomba ejecha kana tsvina munzvimbo yekubata ye gasket mhete uye flange yekuisa chisimbiso groove. Kana pane kukanganisa kwakadaro, inofanira kugadziriswa, kugadziriswa kana kucheneswa zvakakodzera. 2. Stainless simbi vharafu chifukidzo inobvinza Valve chivharo chifukidziro kuvuza, kunyanya kuratidzwa mukubuda kwezvisimbiso zvekurongedza. Chekutanga pane zvese, tarisa kana chisimbiso chakasarudzwa nemazvo uye kuti chinoenderana here negirovha yekuisa chisimbiso. Kana pane matambudziko akadaro, shandura mhete yekuvhara kana kugadzirisa groove yekuisa chisimbiso. Chechipiri, tarisa kana zvikamu zvekuisa chisimbiso zvichiita seburr, fracturing, torsion uye zvimwe zviitiko, iyi kesi kutsiva zvikamu zvekuisa chisimbiso. Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa kana nzvimbo yekuvharisa yega yega yekuvharisa groove yakaoma kana kuti ine humwe hurema. Kana pane kukanganisa, kukanganisa kunofanira kubviswa kana zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zvinofanira kuvandudzwa. Chivharo chevharuvhu kana bracket chine kurongedza kuti chivharwe nekumanikidza. Kuiswa kwezviputi izvi kunofanirwa kuongororwa. Kana zvikaonekwa kuti kumusoro uye pasi kurongedza kwakaiswa kumusoro, inofanira kubviswa uye kuiswa zvakare maererano nenzira yakarurama. Uyezve, tarisa kana iko kurongeka kwenzvimbo yekusangana kwezvisimbiso kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvakatemwa. 3. Stainless simbi vharafu muviri mhango yakanaka leakage Muviri wevhavha mukukanda maitiro, dzimwe nguva pachava nemakomba ejecha, maburi ejecha uye humwe hurema hwekukanda, zvinonetsa kuwanikwa mumachining process, kana kudzvanywa kuchinge kwaiswa, iyo yakavanzika kukanda. zvikanganiso zvichaonekwa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kugadzirisa welding, kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa. 4. Stainless simbi vharafu chigaro vharafu ndiro leakage Leakage pachigaro ndiro inowanzoitika kana kuisa kana servicing mavharuvhu. Kazhinji, inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: imwe ndeyekuvharisa pamusoro pekuvhara, imwe yacho yekuvharisa mhete midzi yekudonha. Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo chaiyo yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekubatana pakati pechigaro neplate yevhavha inofanira kuongororwa. Nzvimbo yekuvhara inofanira kunge iri pasi. Kana kururamisa kwepamusoro kunowanikwa kwakanyanyisa, kunofanira kubviswa uye pasi zvakare. Chechipiri, tarisa kana paine pitting, indentation, makomba ejecha, makatsemuka uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa pane yekuvharisa pamusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, ndiro yevhavha kana chigaro chinofanira kuchinjwa. Kune chigaro chine chitubu chekumanikidza, elasticity yekumanikidza chitubu kunofanirwa kutariswa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa. Kana iyo elasticity yakaderedzwa, iyo yekumanikidza chitubu inofanira kuvandudzwa. Uyezve, tarisa kana iyo T-yakaumbwa kubatana pakati pevharuvhu ndiro uye vharafu hunde yakasununguka zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kurerekera kweplate yevharuvhu mukumanikidza. Muchiitiko ichi, ndiro yevhavha inofanira kubviswa uye kugadziriswa kuhukuru hwakakodzera. Kuvhurwa kwemukati kwemuviri wevharuvhu kuri nyore kupinda mukutarisa welding, mafirita esimbi, tsvina uye mamwe matumbi ekunze panguva yekuisa. Mishonga yakadaro inofanira kucheneswa isati yaiswa. Kana iwe ukakanganwa kuchenesa kana kuchenesa kwete zvakakwana, ichaita kuti ndiro yevhavha ivhare zvishoma kudarika zvinotarisirwa kudzika uye kubuda, munyaya iyi, bvisa muviri wevhavha kuti uchenese zvakare. Chigaro chevhavha yesimbi isina tsvina inofanira kuiswa nechigadziro chakanakisisa chekuisa, uye chigaro chinofanira kuongororwa kuti chione kuti chakaiswa panzvimbo. Kana shinda isina kukwizwa kusvika pahudzamu hunodiwa, pachave nekudonha pachigaro. Muchiitiko ichi, chigaro chinofanira kuiswa zvakare nechishandiso chakanakisisa.