Kurongeka uye hunhu hwemavharuvhu kazhinji nekuda kwemavharuvhu. Rangarira 14 taboos yekuisa mavharuvhu

Kurongeka uye hunhu hwemavharuvhu kazhinji nekuda kwemavharuvhu. Rangarira 14 taboos yekuisa mavharuvhu Kune akawanda marudzi emavharuvhu. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro etekinoroji uye kuita kwemhando dzese dzeseti dzakakwana dzemidziyo, mhando dzemavharuvhu dzichiri kuwedzera, uye kune dzakasiyana nzira dzekuronga. Otomatiki vharafu: vimba nepakati (mvura, gasi, chiutsi, nezvimwewo) uye kugona kwayo kushandisa vharuvhu. Actuated valve: Valve inoshandiswa nemaoko, magetsi, hydraulic kana pneumatic nzira. Kurongeka maererano nenheyo yemaitiro ikozvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mudzimba uye yepasi rose nzira yekuisa, imwe neimwe yevhavhavha inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvimiro zvinoenderana nechimiro chechimiro. Kune marudzi akawanda emavharuvhu. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro etekinoroji uye kuita kwemhando dzese dzeseti dzakakwana dzemidziyo, mhando dzemavharuvhu dzichiri kuwedzera, uye kune dzakasiyana nzira dzekuronga. 1. Yakarongedzerwa neotomatiki uye inotyaira Automatic valve: vimba nepakati (mvura, gasi, steam, nezvimwewo) uye kugona kwayo kushandisa valve. Senge shoma yekuchengetedza vhezheni, tarisa vhezheni, dzvinyiriro yekudzora vhezheni, mhepo yekudzvinyirira, yekuzvidzora tembiricha yekudzora, etc .. , hydraulic kana pneumatic zvinoreva. Zvakadai sevharuvhu yegedhi, globe valve, throttle valve, butterfly valve, bhora vharafu, plug valve, diaphragm valve, pneumatic film control valve, pneumatic piston control valve, etc. ona Chitsauko 3 chetsanangudzo yehukuru hwezita) Diki dhayamita valve: saizi yezita ≤DN40 valve. Medium dhayamita vharafu: zita saizi DN50 ~ DN300 vharafu. Huru dhayamita vharafu: nominal size DN350 ~ DN1200 vharafu. Hombe dhayamita vharafu: nominal size ≥DN1400 vharafu. B. Kurongwa nemazita ekumanikidza (ona Chitsauko 3 chetsanangudzo yezviyero zvezita) Vacuum valve: valve ine kushanda kwekushanda pasi pemaitiro emhepo. Low pressure valve: nominal pressure PN≤16 valve. Medium pressure valve: nominal pressure PN25 ~ 63 valve. High pressure valve: nominal pressure PN100 ~ 800 valve. Ultra high pressure valve: nominal pressure PN≥1000 valve. C, maererano nepakati kushanda tembiricha classification High tembiricha vharafu: T> 425 ℃ vharafu. Epakati tembiricha vharafu: 120 ℃ Normal tembiricha vharafu: -29℃≤ T ≤120℃ vharafu. Low tembiricha vharafu: -101℃≤ T ** Tembiricha vharafu: T D, maererano neiyo vharafu muviri zvinhu kupatsanurwa Non - esimbi zvinhu vharafu: akadai ceramic vharafu, FRP vharafu, epurasitiki vharafu. Metal material valve: semhangura alloy valve, aluminium alloy valve, titanium alloy valve, Monel alloy valve, Hastelloy valve, Inkel valve, cast iron valve, carbon steel valve, low alloy steel valve, high alloy steel valve, Stainless steel valve. Metal body lined valve: senge lead lined valve, purasitiki ine vharafu, rabha lined valve, enamel yakarongedzerwa vharafu. E. Kupatsanurwa nenzira yekubatanidza nemapaipi (ona Chitsauko 5 chemaitiro chaiwo ekubatanidza) Varuvhu ine flanged: vharafu ine muviri wakafuratira uye pombi ine flanged. Threaded valve: vharafu ine tambo dzemukati kana dzekunze mumuviri uye dzakaiswa pombi. Welded valve: muviri wevharuvhu une butt groove kana socket welds, welded kune pombi. Clamp connection valve: vharuvhu ine chinosungirira pamuviri uye chinosungirirwa papombi. Sleeve connection valve: vharuvhu yakabatana nepombi neruoko. F. Classification maererano neoperation mode Manual valve: Valvha inoshandiswa neruoko rwemunhu ane handwheel, handle, lever, kana sprocket. Kana torque yakakura ichidikanwa, giya rehonye, ​​giya uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekudzikisa zvinogona kushandiswa. Varuvhu yemagetsi: vharafu inoshandiswa nemotor, electromagnetic kana imwe mudziyo wemagetsi. Hydraulic kana pneumatic valve: valve inoshandiswa nekumanikidzwa kwemvura (mvura, mafuta, nezvimwewo) kana mhepo. 3. Kupatsanurwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chemisimboti Kupatsanurwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chechimiro parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mudzimba neyepasirese nzira yekuisa, inonyanya kukamurwa kuva gedhi vharafu, globe vharafu, butterfly vharafu, bhora vharafu, plug vharafu, plunger vharafu, cheki vharafu, yekuchengetedza vharafu. , kudzvinyirira kuderedza valve, trap valve, diaphragm valve, throttle valve, regulating valve, multi-purpose valve valve, nezvimwewo .. Rudzi rumwe norumwe rwevhavha runogona kugoverwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaitiro zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzirisa. Mienzaniso yemavharuvhu akajairika ndeiyi: vharafu yegedhi - vharafu umo mativi ekuvhura neanovhara anofamba akananga kuakisi yechigaro (kuyerera kwepakati). Mavharuvhu egedhi anogona kukamurwa kuita wedge gedhi mavharuvhu (gedhi rimwechete, gedhi kaviri, elastic gedhi, zvichingodaro), flat gedhi mavharuvhu, banga magedhi mavharuvhu, etc. Iyo chaiyo kupatsanurwa uye kushanda musimboti zvichatsanangurwa muzvitsauko zvakakodzera gare gare. Chimiro chevhavhavha yegedhi chinoratidzwa sezvizvi: Wedge gedhi vharafu 1, 2, 3, 4 Peji rinotevera rinonyanya nekuda kwevharuvhu, yeuka gumi nemana usaise vharafu kazhinji nekuda kwevharuvhu, yeuka gumi nemana usaisa vharafu. . Iyo pombi system haina kugezwa zvakanaka isati yapera, uye mwero wekuyerera uye kumhanya hakwaigona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakutsvaira kwepombi. Kunyangwe mvura yekumanikidza simba kuyedza drainage pachinzvimbo chekutsvaira. Matanho: shandisa sisitimu yekuseta yakanyanya kuyerera kwejusi kana kuyerera kwemvura kumhanya haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe3m / s yekugeza. Ruvara uye kujeka kwekubuda kwekubuda kunofanirwa kuenderana neiyo yemvura inopinza mukuona. Hydrostatic bvunzo yakaitwa pasi pekupisa kwakashata panguva yekuvakwa kwechando. Mhedzisiro: nekuda kwemvura yekumanikidza test chubhu yakakurumidza kuoma nechando, kuitira kuti chubhu yakaomeswa nechando. Matanho: edza kuita bvunzo yekumanikidza mvura isati yasvika chando chikumbiro, uye mushure mekumanikidza bvunzo, mvura inofanira kupeperetswa yakachena, kunyanya mvura iri muvharuvhu inofanira kunge yakakwana mumambure, kana zvisina kudaro vharafu ichave yakaoma nechando. Kuedzwa kwemvura kunofanirwa kuitwa munguva yechando, uye mvura inofanira kupeperetswa yakachena mushure mekuedzwa kwekumanikidza. Kana hydrostatic test isingagoneki, mweya wakamanikidzwa unogona kushandiswa. Kwete-kwete 2 Iyo pombi yepombi haina kugezwa zvakanaka isati yapera, uye mwero wekuyerera uye kumhanya kwaisakwanisa kuita zvinodiwa pakutsvaira kwepombi. Kunyangwe mvura yekumanikidza simba kuyedza drainage pachinzvimbo chekutsvaira. Mhedzisiro: mhando yemvura haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvepombi system mashandiro, kazhinji zvinokonzeresa kuderedzwa kwechikamu chepombi kana kuvhara. Matanho: shandisa sisitimu yekuseta yakanyanya kuyerera kwejusi kana kuyerera kwemvura kumhanya haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe3m / s yekugeza. Ruvara uye kujeka kwekubuda kwekubuda kunofanirwa kuenderana neiyo yemvura inopinza mukuona. No-no 3 Sewage, mvura inonaya, condensate pombi haiite yakavharwa bvunzo yemvura inovanzwa. Migumisiro: Inogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura uye kurasikirwa kwevashandisi. Matanho: basa rekuyedza rakavharwa remvura rinofanirwa kunyatsoenderana neyakajairwa yekuongorora kugamuchirwa. Underground akavigwa, yakaturikwa sirin'i, pombi uye mamwe yakavanzwa tsvina, mvura inonaya, condensed mvura pombi kuona kuti hapana kuvuza. Taboo 4 Kana iyo mvura yekumanikidza simba bvunzo uye tightness bvunzo yepombi system, kukosha kwekumanikidza uye shanduko yemvura kunofanirwa kucherechedzwa, uye kuongororwa kwekudonha hakuna kukwana. Mhedzisiro: Kudonha kwakaitika mushure mekushanda kwepombi system, inokanganisa kushandiswa kwakajairwa. Matanho: kana iyo pombi system yakayedzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye zvirevo zvekuvaka, kunze kwekurekodha kukosha kwekumanikidza kana shanduko yemvura mukati menguva yakatarwa, zvinonyanya kudikanwa kunyatso tarisa kana paine kuvuza. Kwete-kwete 5 Butterfly valve flanges ine akajairika mavharuvhu flange. Migumisiro: shavishavi vharafu flange uye zvakajairika vharafu flange saizi haana kufanana, vamwe flange dhayamita idiki, uye shavishavi vharafu dhisiki yakakura, zvichiita kuti haana kuvhurika kana zvakaoma kuvhura kukuvara vharafu. Zviyero: zvinoenderana nehukuru chaihwo hwe butterfly valve flange processing flange. Kwete-kwete 6 Hapana maburi akachengetwa uye zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwechivako chekuvaka, kana hukuru hwemakomba akachengetwa iduku zvikuru uye zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa hazvina kunyorwa. Mhedzisiro: mukuvaka kwekudziya nekuchenesa purojekiti, chisel chivakwa chekuvaka, kana kutocheka simbi yakasimbiswa, inokanganisa kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwechivako. Matanho: kunyatsoziva madhirowa ekuvaka ekudziya uye utsanana engineering, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pombi uye kutsigira hanger yekumisikidza, tora danho rekushandira pamwe nekuvakwa kwemaburi akachengetwa uye zvikamu zvakadzikwa zvechivakwa chechivako, uchinyatso tarisa kune. dhizaini zvinodiwa uye zvirevo zvekuvaka. Kwete-kwete 7 Kana pombi yaiswa weld, muromo usiri wepombi yakatarisana hausi paCentral Line, pombi yakatarisana haisiyi mikaha, pombi yakakora yemadziro haifoshore goro, uye hupamhi nekukwirira kweweld inoita. kusazadzisa zvinodiwa nekodhi yekuvaka. Mhedzisiro: iyo pombi isiriyo muromo haisi mumutsara wepakati inobata zvakananga iyo welding mhando uye maonero emhando. Iko hakuna gaka pakati pevaviri, iyo gobvu madziro pombi haina foshoro groove, hupamhi uye kureba kweweld haina kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushongedza simba zvinodiwa. Matanho: mushure mekugadzira pombi inoenderana, pombi haifanire kunge isiri muromo, inofanira kunge iri pakati pemutsara, mumwe wake anofanira kusiya gaka, gobvu remadziro pombi kufoshoro groove, uyezve, hupamhi uye kukwirira kweweld kunofanira kuiswa mukati. zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekutsanangurwa. Taboo 8 Iyo pombi inovigwa zvakananga muvhu rakaomeswa uye isina kucheneswa ivhu rakasununguka, chinhambwe uye chinzvimbo chepombi piers hazvina kunaka, uye kunyange chimiro chekodhi yakaoma zvidhinha inogamuchirwa. Mhedzisiro: Iyo pombi yakakuvadzwa mukuita kwekudzosera kumashure compact nekuda kwerutsigiro rusina kugadzikana, zvichikonzera kushanda zvakare nekugadzirisa. Matanho: pombi haizovigwa muvhu rakaomeswa nechando uye isina kucheneswa ivhu, iyo pier spacing inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekodhi yekuvaka, iyo padhi inofanirwa kuve yakasimba, kunyanya iyo pombi interface, haifanire kutakura shear simba. Zvidhinha zvinotsigira pier kushandisa simende dhaka masonry, simbisa kutendeseka, kusimba. Kwete-kwete 9 Mabhaudhi ekuwedzera anoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvitsigiro zvepombi ndeemhando yakashata, maburi emabhoti ekuwedzera akakurisa, kana mabhoti ekuwedzera akaiswa pamadziro ezvidhina kana kunyange akareruka madziro. Mhedzisiro: iyo pombi bracket inosunungura, iyo pombi inokanganisa, kunyange inodonha. Matanho: Iyo bhaudhi yekuwedzera inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvigadzirwa zvinokodzera, uye bvunzo bvunzo dzinofanirwa kuitwa kana zvichidikanwa. Iyo aperture yebhoti yekuwedzera haifaniri kunge yakakura kudarika dhayamita yekunze yebhoti yekuwedzera 2mm, uye bhoti yekuwedzera inofanira kushandiswa muhutano hwekrete. Kwete-kwete 10 Flange uye gasket simba rekubatanidza pombi harina kukwana, bhaudhi yekubatanidza ipfupi kana yakaonda dhayamita. Rubber gaskets anoshandiswa pakupisa pombi, asbestos gaskets anoshandiswa papombi dzemvura inotonhora, uye magasi maviri kana mabheji akavharidzirwa anoshandiswa nemaflange gaskets akabudikira mupombi. Mhedzisiro: flange joint haina kusimba, kunyangwe kukuvadzwa, kuvuza chiitiko. Iyo flange liner inobuda mupombi uye inowedzera kuyerera kwekudzivirira. Matanho: flanges uye gaskets emapaipi anofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira kushanda kumanikidza kwepombi. Kune flange gaskets yekudziya uye inopisa mvura yekupa mapaipi, rubber asbestos gaskets inofanira kushandiswa; Rubber gaskets inofanira kushandiswa kune flange gaskets yemvura yekupa uye pombi dzemvura. Flange gasket haifanire kubuda mupombi, denderedzwa rayo rekunze kune flange bolt gomba rakakodzera. Hapana bevel pad kana akati wandei magasket achaiswa pakati peflange. Iyo dhayamita yebhaudhi inobatanidza flange inofanira kunge iri pasi pe2mm pane iyo flange aperture, uye kureba kwebhoti tsvimbo inodzivirira nati inofanira kunge iri 1/2 yehukobvu hwenzungu. Taboo 11 Valve yekuisa nzira haina kururama. Semuenzaniso, vharavhavhavha kana cheki chevhavha yemvura (steam) inoyerera inopesana nechiratidzo, tsinde inosungirirwa pasi, cheki chekivhavha yakasimwa yakatarisa yakaiswa vertically, hapana nzvimbo yakazaruka kana yekuvhara yekubata kwevhavha yegedhi kana butterfly. vharafu, uye hunde yevhavha yakavanzika haina kutarisana nemusuwo wekuongorora. Mhedzisiro: kutadza kwevharuvhu, kushandura kugadzirisa kwakaoma, vharafu inodzika pasi kazhinji inokonzeresa kubuda kwemvura. Zviyero: zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yekuisa vharafu yekuisa, stem gedhi vharafu inosiya yakakwana yekuwedzera kwehurefu hwekuvhura, butterfly vharafu nyatso funga nezve mubato wekutenderera nzvimbo, marudzi ese evharuvhu hunde haigone kuderera pane yakachinjika chinzvimbo, asi kwete pasi. Vavhavha yakavanzwa kwete kungosangana nevhavha yekuvhura nekuvhara zvinodiwa zvegonhi rekuongorora, panguva imwechete iyo tsinde yevharuvhu inofanira kunge yakananga kumusuwo wekuongorora. Taboo 12 Izvo zvinotsanangurwa uye mhando dzemavharuvhu akaiswa hazvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, kudzvinyirirwa kwezita revhavha ishoma pane system test pressure; Kana iyo dhayamita yepombi isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm, gedhi revhavha rinoshandiswa; Mvura inopisa inopisa yakaoma, riser uchishandisa valve yekumisa; Pombi yekusveta pombi yemoto inotora shavishavi vharuvhu. Mhedzisiro: inokanganisa kuvhurika kwakajairwa nekuvhara kwevhavha uye gadzirisa kuramba, kumanikidza uye mamwe mabasa. Kunyange yakakonzera kushanda kwehurongwa, kukuvara kwevharuvhu kumanikidzirwa kugadzirisa. Matanho: kujairana nemhando yekushandiswa kwemarudzi ese emavharuvhu, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagadzirirwo emagetsi mavharuvhu uye modhi. Nominal valve pressure inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zve system test pressure. Maererano nezvinodiwa zvekodhi yekuvaka: mvura yebazi pombi dhayamita isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm inofanira kushandiswa nevhavha yeglobe; Mavharuvhu egedhi anofanirwa kushandiswa kana pombi dhayamita inopfuura 50mm. Kupisa kwemvura inopisa uye kuomeswa, vertical control valve inofanira kushandiswa gedhi vharafu, pombi yemoto yekusveta pombi haifanire kushandisa butterfly valve. Taboo 13 Mavharuvhu haaongororwe sezvinodiwa usati waiswa. Mhedzisiro: panguva yekushanda kwegadziriro, vheji yevhavha haigoni kushanduka, valve haina kuvharwa zvakasimba uye kubuda kwemvura (steam) kunoitika, zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa, uye kunyange kukanganisa mvura yakajairika (steam). Matanho: pamberi pekugadzwa kwevharuvhu, kusimba kwesimba uye tightness bvunzo inofanira kuitwa. Muedzo unofanirwa kutariswa zvisina tsarukano 10% yehuwandu hwebatch yega yega (mhando imwechete, kutsanangurwa kwakafanana, modhi yakafanana), uye kwete isingasviki imwe. Kuedza kwesimba uye kusimba kunofanira kuitwa imwe neimwe yevhavha yakavharwa iyo yakaiswa pane pombi huru uye inoita basa rekucheka. Simba revhavha uye kusimba kwekuyedza kumanikidza kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zve "Code Yekugamuchirwa Kwekuvaka Hunhu hweKuvaka Mvura Yekuvaka uye yekudhonza uye yekudziya Injiniya" (GB 50242-2002). Taboo 14 Zvishandiso zvikuru, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuongorora magwaro kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvinoenderana neazvino nyika kana makurukota. Mhedzisiro: Hunhu hwepurojekiti haukodzeri, kune njodzi dzinogona kuitika, hazvigone kuendeswa kuti zvishandiswe panguva yakatarwa, inofanira kugadziridzwa zvakare; Kukonzeresa kunonoka kwemuganho wenguva, basa uye zvinhu zvekuisa kuwedzera. Matanho: izvo zvakakosha zvekushandisa, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugovera mvura uye kudhiraivha uye kupisa uye hutsanana mapurojekiti anofanirwa kusangana nehunyanzvi hwekuongorora magwaro kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvakapihwa nehurumende kana shumiro yezviyero zvazvino; Zita rechigadzirwa, modhi, yakatarwa, kodhi yemhando yenyika chiyero, zuva rekutumira, zita uye nzvimbo yemugadziri, chitupa chekuongorora kana kodhi yechigadzirwa chekutumira icharatidzwa.