intsimbi engenastainless ivalve yeglowubhu yoxinzelelo oluphakathi

Ukusukela oko i-"International Maritime Organization Convention Ballast Water Convention" yaqala ukusebenza ngoSeptemba ka-2017, abanini beenqanawa baye babiza inkampani yaseFinland yokwakha kunye nenkampani yobunjineli baselwandle ukuba yenze uphononongo oluzimeleyo lwesicwangciso sokuguqula inkqubo yolawulo lwamanzi e-ballast. Kwiinyanga zamva nje, utyikityo longezwe kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe ka-2004 yoLawulo noLawulo lweeNqanawa zeBallast Water and Sediments. Oku akunakuyifihla into yokuba oku kwavalwa nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe waseLwandle (i-IMO) ukusukela oko wasungulwayo. Amazwe angama-52 asayine iikhontrakthi kunye ne-IMO agqithise ama-30 afunekayo, kodwa athatha kuphela i-35.1441% ye-tonnage yehlabathi, ngokungekho ngaphaya komyinge wama-35% ofunekayo ukuze uqalise ukusebenza kwiinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuvunywa. Kubonakala ngathi "uxwebhu" olusemthethweni lusondele, kodwa ayisengomsebenzi olula. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2016, umnini-nqanawa wawushiya lo mbandela kuye, kuba wayekholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-BWMS yeenqanawa ezikhoyo zifuna ngokukhawuleza iimpendulo zobugcisa. I-Foreship, eyona nkampani iphambili yobunjineli baselwandle kunye nenkampani yokucebisa ngobunjineli baselwandle, isandula ukunika iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha malunga nokhetho lokubuyisela, kwaye uphononongo lokwenzeka lubandakanya iinqanawa enye. Imibutho yokuhlela ivavanya izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe obufanayo obunikezelwa ngababoneleli abahlukeneyo beentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neminyaka yeenqanawa, kunye nokuvavanya umsebenzi wofakelo jikelele, indawo yokufakela, kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo okwethutyana kunye nokusisigxina. UOlli Somerkallio, owayesakuba yintloko yesebe loomatshini, wachaza ukuba nangona ukhetho phakathi kweenkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo luya kukhokelwa ziindleko, akukho lula ukuthelekisa. “Sigxile kwimiba yobugcisa bofakelo, nto leyo ethetha igumbi lezixhobo, imibhobho yamanzi kunye nokuhambelana kombane,” utshilo uSomerkallio. "Ukufumana iziphumo ezinentsingiselo, kufuneka ubuchwephesha bokwakha iinqanawa, ubunjineli baselwandle, kunye nokuziphatha kweenqanawa." Iimfuno zesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kwinqanawa ye-ballast yecandelo lenqanawa zihlala zingaphantsi kwe-500m3/h, nto leyo ekhokelela abanikazi beenqanawa ukuba bakhethe itekhnoloji ye-UV-based BWMS, eyenza iintlobo ezihlaselayo “zingabinakwenzeka” endaweni yokuba bazibulale. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kuye kwaxelwa ngokubanzi, i-US Coast Guard ayikayivumi imigangatho yovavanyo lwe-UV. Ukongeza, izixhobo ze-UV azinakwenzeka kumazinga aphezulu okuhamba okufunwa yinkqubo yamanzi ye-ballast ephambili kwiinqanawa ezinkulu zemithwalo (ezifana neetanki ze-oyile kunye nabathwali abaninzi). Apha, i-electrochlorination (EC) ibe sisisombululo esikhethiweyo. I-EC ivelisa izibulala-ntsholongwane ezisekelwe kwiklorini ngokugqithisa umsinga othe ngqo emanzini ukuze kubangele ukusabela nge-sodium chloride. I-chlorine yamahhala eveliswayo ibulala ibhaktheriya kunye nezinye i-microorganisms kwiitanki ze-ballast. Kwinqanaba le-deballasting, umxholo weklorini ulinganiswa kwaye i-neutralizer ifakwe njengoko kufuneka. Abanini kufuneka baqaphele ukuba imibhobho eyongezelelweyo efunwa yi-BWMS, i-fittings ehambelanayo kunye ne-valve, kunye ne-BWMS ngokwayo yonke imithombo yokulahleka koxinzelelo. I-Somerkallio icebisa ukuba zeziphi iimpompo ze-ballast kufuneka zibe noxinzelelo olwaneleyo lwentloko ukuzisombulula. Uthe ikamva lenza uhlalutyo lwelahleko yoxinzelelo lube yinxalenye yophononongo lwayo lokuba nokwenzeka kuba ngamanye amaxesha kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuculwe i-pump impeller okanye motor. Wathi: "Kwimeko embi kakhulu, yonke impompo inokufuneka itshintshwe." USorkallio uthe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe iitanki, kuba amanzi e-ballast aqhutyelwa kwisaphetha nasemva kwangaxeshanye. Amatanki e-ballast ngasemva ahlala egcwele iikota ezintathu kwaye ke ngoko abalulekile ekuhambeni okungathintelekiyo kwenqanawa. Apha, impompo yenkqubo ye-ballast ephambili ifumaneka kwigumbi lokupompoza i-oyile ye-cargo (indawo enobungozi), ngoko ayinakusetyenziselwa ukupompa amanzi kwi-tank ephezulu kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ipompo engasemva ayinakuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-BWMS engundoqo. Inqwelo ye-oyile eqhelekileyo kuluhlu oluphakathi lunokufuna ukuhamba okuphambili kwenkqubo ye-ballast ibe yi-2000 m3/h, kwaye yohlulwe ibe ngamatanki e-port kunye ne-starboard ballast. Oku kungasombululwa nge-BWMS ezimbini ezinomthamo we-1000m3 / h, okanye ngokudibanisa zombini iipompo kwi-BWMS enye yenkqubo yokucubungula efanayo. Imfuno yomntu ngamnye yamanzi e-ballast yangaphandle iya kusingathwa ziimpompo zenkonzo ngokubanzi eziqhagamshelwe kwi-BWMS encinci enesantya sokuhamba kwe-250-300m3/h (umzekelo). Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lokwenzeka kweForeship luvavanywe ngokweenkcukacha izisombululo ezibini zeEC ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi abakhuphisana nabo: enye ithatha iEC kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo; kwelinye icala, EC kwenzeka kumsinga ecaleni kunye "nemichiza imichiza" kwaziswa itanki Ballast. USomerkallio uthe, eneneni, iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zilula, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye zincinci kuneenkqubo zokuqukuqela ezisecaleni, kwaye zisebenzisa umbane ongaphantsi kwe-25%. Nangona kunjalo, wongezelela ukuba iimpawu ezinxulumene nokufakela, ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko kunokukholisa isisombululo esikhoyo ngoku. "Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho komenzi, ngenxa yoyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-electrode kunye nezixhobo, inkqubo yayo ye-EC yesiqhelo inokusebenza kwindawo enetyuwa ephantsi kakhulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukusebenza kumanzi anetyuwa aphantse abe yi-zero njenge-Great Salt Lake. Izithintelo ezinjalo azifanelekanga ukudlula. ukuba ityuwa ingaphantsi kwe-15 PSU, amanzi olwandle agciniweyo angasetyenziswa." Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezihamba ngasecaleni zingasebenza nakumanzi abandayo. Kwakhona, umthamo wenkqubo ye-sidestream ingaba kabini yenkqubo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ubunzima bunyuke nge-60%, kodwa u-Somerkallio wabonisa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza apho i-BWMS eyongezelelweyo ithatha indawo. Wachaza ukuba ukuhamba phambili kwenkqubo yesiqhelo kufuna i-deckhouse enkulu eyongezelelweyo kwiiyunithi ezimbini ze-EC kunye nezihlungi ezimbini, ngelixa isisombululo esincinci se-lateral flow deckhouse sizisa inzuzo enkulu kwiyunithi ye-EC kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo. Ukubeka amaqondo enkululeko. Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yomgangatho, izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zingadinga isibini kwisithathu sommandla ofunekayo kwiisombululo zokuhamba kwecala, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yecala elilodwa lisebenza kwiimpompo ezimbini, umehluko uphantse ungabikho. Ngokufanayo, inani lemibhobho efunekayo yokwahlulwa kwenkqubo ye-EC efunwa yinkqubo ye-sidestream iphindwe kabini yenkqubo eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweemibhobho ezongezelelweyo zincinci ububanzi (DN20, DN40). USomerkallio uthe nangona wongeza amagqabantshintshi ngokubanzi malunga nokufakelwa kweetanki, ezi ziguquguqukayo ziqinisekisa ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kweemfuno zeenqanawa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi isisombululo esifunekayo kwinkqubo ephambili, itanki ye-stern idinga ilungiselelo elahlukileyo. Unokucinga ngokufakela i-UV eyahlukileyo okanye inkqubo ye-EC ngasemva, kodwa ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-EC kuyo yonke inqanawa, ngoko unokuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenkqubo yempompo yomgama phakathi kwenkqubo ephambili kunye nenkqubo engasemva. Kwimeko yokugqibela, "iikhemikhali" eziveliswe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ziya kuhanjiswa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-stern peak storage system. U-Somerkallio wachaza ukuba zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo ze-EC zivelisa i-hydrogen njengemveliso ephumayo, esongeza ukuba olu khetho lwecala-umsinga ngokuqinisekileyo luzisa ingozi enkulu: kwimeko yokungenwa komoya kakubi, inokukhutshwa kwitanki ye-chlorine ye-buffer ngokunyanzeliswa komoya. Ihydrogen yakhubeka iBWMS. Okwesithathu, abaqhubi ababeka phambili ulondolozo kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo into yokuba nangona iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zinomgaqo ongantsokothanga kangako, okuthetha ukuba amacandelo ambalwa, ii-BWMS ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinokufuneka: ngokubanzi, inani lamacandelo liya kuba ngaphezulu. Ukongeza, i-Foreship ithe iinkqubo eziphambili ezivavanyayo zihlala zithandeka ngakumbi ekuthotyweni ixesha kuneeseva zayo eziphambili. Ngokuchasene noko, zombini iinkqubo zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwesihluzi, kodwa emva kweeyure ezingama-2500, iimpompo ezisecaleni kunye nezivuthela zifuna ukuhoywa. Nangona umsebenzi omninzi unokwenziwa ngabasebenzi, uSomerkallio uthe uhlolo olubanzi lolondolozo kule ndawo lusaqhubeka. Xa umnini nqanawa ejongene nobunyani betekhnoloji yohlengahlengiso, wathi uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lokunokwenzeka oluqhutywe yi-Foreship lubonise ukuba naziphi na iingenelo kwi-BWMS zinokuba namandla kakhulu emehlweni abantu ababukeleyo. IReuters, eCopenhagen, ngoFebruwari 10, uJacob Gronholt-Pedersen (uJacob Gronholt-Pedersen)-Ukunyuka kweemfuno zabathengi befenitshala kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo kuye kwabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha, okuye kwanda ... 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