Izigaba kanye nezici ezibonakalayo zama-valve ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-valve. Khumbula ama-taboos angu-14 wokufaka ama-valve

Izigaba kanye nezici ezibonakalayo zama-valve ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-valve. Khumbula ama-taboos angu-14 okufaka ama-valve Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlobo zesethi ephelele yemishini, izinhlobo zama-valve zisakhula, futhi kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa. I-valve ezenzakalelayo: thembela kokuphakathi (uketshezi, igesi, umusi, njll.) kanye nekhono layo lokusebenzisa i-valve. Ivalvu ecushiwe: Ivalvu esebenza ngesandla, ugesi, i-hydraulic noma izindlela zomoya. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesimiso sesakhiwo njengamanje kuyindlela evamile yokuhlukanisa yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-valve lungahlukaniswa lube izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo ngokuya nezici zesakhiwo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-valve. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlobo zesethi ephelele yemishini, izinhlobo zama-valve zisakhula, futhi kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa. 1. Ihlukaniswa nge-othomathikhi futhi ishayela I-valve ezenzakalelayo: thembela kokuphakathi (uketshezi, igesi, umusi, njll.) kanye nekhono layo lokusebenzisa i-valve. Njenge-valve yokuphepha, i-valve yokuhlola, i-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela, i-steam trap, i-air trap, i-valve yokunqamula izimo eziphuthumayo, i-valve yokulawula ingcindezi ezimele, i-valve yokulawula izinga lokushisa ezizimele, njll. , i-hydraulic noma i-pneumatic means. Njenge-valve yesango, i-globe valve, i-throttle valve, i-butterfly valve, i-valve yebhola, i-valve yepulaki, i-diaphragm valve, i-valve yokulawula ifilimu yomoya, i-pneumatic piston control valve, njll. bheka iSahluko sesi-3 ukuze uthole incazelo yosayizi wegama) I-valve yobubanzi obuncane: usayizi wegama ≤DN40 valve. I-valve yobubanzi obumaphakathi: usayizi wegama elithi DN50 ~ DN300 valve. I-valve enkulu yobubanzi: usayizi ojwayelekile DN350 ~ DN1200 valve. I-valve enkulu yobubanzi: usayizi wokuzisholo ≥DN1400 valve. B. Ukuhlelwa ngokucindezela okulinganiselwe (bheka iSahluko 3 ukuze uthole incazelo yobukhulu obujwayelekile) Ivalvu yevacuum: iveluvu enomfutho wokusebenza ngaphansi komfutho womoya ojwayelekile. I-valve yokucindezela okuphansi: i-valve ye-PN≤16. I-valve yokucindezela okuphakathi: i-valve ye-PN25 ~ 63. I-valve yokucindezela okuphezulu: i-valve yokubiza PN100 ~ 800. I-valve ye-Ultra high pressure: i-valve ye-nominal pressure PN≥1000. C, ngokusho kwesigaba esiphakathi sokushisa esisebenzayo I-valve yokushisa ephezulu: T > 425 ℃ valve. I-valve yezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi: 120℃ I-valve yokushisa evamile: -29℃≤ T ≤120℃ valve. I-valve yokushisa ephansi: -101℃≤ T ** I-valve yokushisa: T D, ngokusho kwesigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo ze-valve Non - metallic material valve: njenge-ceramic valve, i-valve ye-FRP, i-plastic valve. I-valve yensimbi yensimbi: njenge-valve ye-alloy yethusi, i-aluminium alloy valve, i-titanium alloy valve, i-valve ye-Monel alloy, i-valve ye-Hastelloy, i-valve ye-Inkel, i-valve yensimbi eyinsimbi, i-carbon steel valve, i-valve yensimbi ephansi ye-alloy, i-valve yensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu, i-valve yensimbi engagqwali. I-valve enomugqa womzimba wensimbi: njenge-valve elayishiwe yomthofu, i-valve enomugqa wepulasitiki, i-valve efakwe irabha, i-valve efakwe koqweqwe lwawo. E. Ukuhlelwa ngemodi yokuxhuma namapayipi (bheka iSahluko 5 ukuze uthole imodi ethile yokuxhuma) Ivalvu evulekile: iveluvu enomzimba ophendukile kanye nepayipi elivulekile. I-valve enemicu: i-valve enezintambo zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle emzimbeni futhi ifakwe epayipini. I-valve eshiselwe: I-valve yomzimba ene-butt groove noma ama-welds esokhethi, ashiselwe epayipini. I-valve yokuxhuma i-clamp: i-valve ene-clamp emzimbeni kanye noxhumo lwe-clamp epayipini. Ivalvu yokuxhuma imikhono: ivalvu exhunywe epayipini ngomkhono. F. Ukuhlelwa ngokwemodi yokusebenza Ivalvu yezandla: Ivalvu esetshenziswa isandla somuntu ngesondo lesandla, isibambo, isileva, noma i-sprocket. Uma kudingeka i-torque enkulu, igiya lezikelemu, igiya namanye amathuluzi okunciphisa angasetshenziswa. Ivalvu kagesi: Ivalvu esetshenziswa yinjini, i-electromagnetic noma enye into kagesi. I-valve ye-Hydraulic noma ye-pneumatic: i-valve esebenza ngokucindezela koketshezi (amanzi, amafutha, njll.) noma umoya. 3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesimiso sesakhiwo Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesimiso sesakhiwo njengamanje kuyindlela evamile yokuhlukanisa yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi ihlukaniswe i-valve yesango, i-globe valve, i-butterfly valve, i-valve yebhola, i-plug valve, i-plunger valve, i-valve yokuhlola, i-valve yokuphepha. , i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, i-valve yesicupho, i-diaphragm valve, i-throttle valve, i-valve elawulayo, i-valve enezinjongo eziningi, njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-valve lungahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo ngokusekelwe ezicini zesakhiwo. Izibonelo zama-valve avamile zimi kanje: I-valve yesango - i-valve lapho izingxenye ezivulayo nezivalayo zihamba ngendlela eqondile ku-eksisi yesihlalo (ukugeleza okumaphakathi). Ama-valve esango angahlukaniswa abe ama-valve esango le-wedge (isango elilodwa, isango eliphindwe kabili, isango elinwebekayo, njll.), ama-valve esango eliyisicaba, ama-valve esango lommese, njll. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kuzochazwa ezahlukweni ezifanele kamuva. Isakhiwo se-valve yesango sikhonjiswe kanje: I-valve ye-Wedge yesango 1, 2, 3, 4 Ikhasi elilandelayo ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-valve, khumbula ukuthi i-14 ayifaki i-valve isikhathi esiningi ngenxa ye-valve, khumbula ukuthi 14 ungayifaki i-valve. . Uhlelo lwamapayipi aluzange lugezwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba luqedwe, futhi izinga lokugeleza nesivinini akukwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugezwa kwamapayipi. Ngisho nokukhipha amanzi okuhlola amandla okucindezela kwamanzi esikhundleni sokuwasha. Izinyathelo: sebenzisa isistimu ukusetha ukugeleza kwejusi okukhulu noma isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-3m/s wokugeza. Umbala kanye nokungafihli kwe-outlet yokukhipha kufanele kuhambisane namanzi angenayo ngokubukeka. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwasebusika. Umphumela: ngenxa amanzi ingcindezi test tube ngokushesha iqhwa, ukuze tube iqhwa ezimbi. Izinyathelo: zama ukwenza ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sasebusika, futhi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, amanzi kufanele ashaywe umoya, ikakhulukazi amanzi ku-valve kufanele aphelele enetheni, ngaphandle kwalokho i-valve izobe iqhwa iqhwa. Ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ebusika, futhi amanzi kufanele aphephethwe ahlanzeke ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kungenakwenzeka, umoya ocindezelwe ungasetshenziswa. Cha-cha 2 Uhlelo lwamapayipi aluzange lugezwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqedwa, futhi izinga lokugeleza nesivinini akukwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushaywa kwamapayipi. Ngisho nokukhipha amanzi okuhlola amandla okucindezela kwamanzi esikhundleni sokuwasha. Umphumela: ikhwalithi yamanzi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza kwesistimu yamapayipi, ngokuvamile izobangela ukuncishiswa kwesigaba samapayipi noma ukuvinjwa. Izinyathelo: sebenzisa isistimu ukusetha ukugeleza kwejusi okukhulu noma isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-3m/s wokugeza. Umbala kanye nokungafihli kwe-outlet yokukhipha kufanele kuhambisane namanzi angenayo ngokubukeka. No-no 3 Indle, amanzi emvula, amapayipi e-condensate awakwenzi ukuhlolwa kwamanzi avaliwe azofihlwa. Imiphumela: Ingabangela ukuvuza kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa abasebenzisi. Izinyathelo: Umsebenzi wokuhlola amanzi avaliwe kufanele uhambisane ngokuqinile nokwamukelwa kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Kugqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba, usilingi omisiwe, ipayipi nezinye indle ezifihliwe, amanzi emvula, ipayipi lamanzi elijiyile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza. I-Taboo 4 Uma ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezela kwamanzi nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwesistimu yepayipi, inani lokucindezela kanye noshintsho lwezinga lamanzi kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanele. Umphumela: Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngemva kokusebenza kwesistimu yamapayipi, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa okuvamile. Izinyathelo: lapho uhlelo lwamapayipi luhlolwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama kanye nokucaciswa kokwakhiwa, ngaphezu kokurekhoda inani lokucindezela noma ukuguqulwa kwezinga lamanzi phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe, kudingekile ngokukhethekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza. Ama-valve e-No-no 5 Butterfly flange anama-valve flange ajwayelekile. Imiphumela: i-butterfly valve flange kanye nosayizi we-valve ojwayelekile awufani, ububanzi be-flange buncane, futhi i-disc ye-valve butterfly inkulu, okuholela ekungavuli noma kanzima ukuvula umonakalo we-valve. Izinyathelo: ngokuya ngosayizi wangempela we-butterfly valve flange processing flange. Cha-cha 6 Azikho izimbobo ezigodliwe kanye nezingxenye ezishunyekiwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo, noma ubukhulu bezimbobo ezigodliwe zincane kakhulu futhi izingxenye ezishunyekiwe aziphawulwanga. Umphumela: ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi yokushisa nokuthuthwa kwendle, gcoba isakhiwo sesakhiwo, noma unqume ngisho nensimbi eqinisiwe, okuthinta ukusebenza kokuphepha kwesakhiwo. Izinyathelo: ukujwayelana ngokucophelela nemidwebo yokwakha yobunjiniyela bokushisa nokukhucululwa kwendle, ngokwezidingo zamapayipi kanye nokufakwa kwe-hanger yokusekela, thatha isinyathelo sokuqala sokubambisana nokwakhiwa kwemigodi egodliwe kanye nezingxenye ezishumekiwe zesakhiwo sesakhiwo, ngokubhekisela ngokuqondile izidingo zokuklama kanye nemininingwane yokwakha. Cha-cha 7 Uma ipayipi lishiselwe, umlomo okungewona wepayipi eliphambene awukho ku-Central Line, elinye ipayipi alishiyi izikhala, ipayipi eliwudonga eliwugqinsi aliyisheli i-groove, ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld angahlangabezani nezidingo zekhodi yokwakha. Umphumela: umlomo ongalungile wepayipi awukho emgqeni ophakathi kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nekhwalithi yokubona. Alikho igebe phakathi kwalaba ababili, ipayipi eliwugqinsi lodonga aliyifosholo i-groove, ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhlangabezani nezidingo zamandla wokushisela. Izinyathelo: ngemuva kokufanisa ipayipi lokushisela, ipayipi akufanele libe nomlomo ongalungile, kufanele libe semugqeni ophakathi nendawo, umlingani kufanele ashiye igebe, ipayipi lodonga eliwugqinsi ukuze lifake i-groove, ngaphezu kwalokho, ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld kufanele kufakwe ngaphakathi. ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokucaciswa. I-Taboo 8 Ipayipi ingcwatshwa ngokuqondile enhlabathini efriziwe kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile ongaphenduliwe, ibanga kanye nendawo yamapayipi amapayipi akulungile, futhi ngisho nefomu lekhodi eyomile isitini liyamukelwa. Umphumela: Ipayipi lonakala ngesikhathi sokucinana kokugcwalisa ngenxa yokwesekwa okungazinzile, okuholele ekusebenzeni kabusha nokulungiswa. Izinyathelo: ipayipi akufanele lingcwatshwe enhlabathini eyiqhwa kanye nomhlabathi oxekethile ongalungiswanga, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pier kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zekhodi yokwakha, iphedi kufanele iqine, ikakhulukazi isixhumi esibonakalayo sepayipi, akufanele ithwale amandla okugunda. I-pier yokusekela izitini ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kodaka lukasimende, qinisekisa ubuqotho, ukuqina. No-no 9 Amabhawodi okunweba asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izisekelo zamapayipi awekhwalithi embi, izimbobo zamabhawodi wokunweba zinkulu kakhulu, noma amabhawodi okunweba afakwe ezindongeni zezitini noma ezindongeni ezingasindi. Umphumela: ubakaki wepayipi uyaxega, ipayipi liyakhubazeka, lize liwe. Izinyathelo: Ibhawodi lokunwetshwa kufanele likhethwe imikhiqizo efanelekayo, futhi ukuhlolwa kwesampula kufanele kwenziwe uma kunesidingo. I-aperture ye-bolt yokwandisa akufanele ibe mkhulu kunobubanzi bangaphandle be-bolt yokwandisa 2mm, futhi ibhowodi yokwandisa kufanele isetshenziswe esakhiweni sekhonkrithi. I-No-no 10 Flange namandla e-gasket okuxhunywa kwepayipi akwanele, ibholidi yokuxhuma ifushane noma incane ububanzi. Amapayipi enjoloba asetshenziselwa amapayipi okushisa, ama-asbestos gaskets asetshenziselwa amapayipi amanzi abandayo, futhi ama-gaskets aphindwe kabili noma ama-gaskets ane-beveled asetshenziswa nama-flange gaskets aphumele epayipini. Imiphumela: i-flange joint ayiqinile, ngisho nokulimala, ukuvuza. I-flange liner iphumela epayipini futhi ikhulise ukumelana nokugeleza. Izinyathelo: ama-flanges nama-gaskets amapayipi kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zokucindezela kokusebenza kokuklama kwamapayipi. Ukuze uthole ama-flange gaskets okushisa kanye namapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ashisayo, ama-gaskets e-asbestos enjoloba kufanele asetshenziswe; Ama-gaskets enjoloba kufanele asetshenziselwe ama-flange gaskets okuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye namapayipi okukhipha amanzi. I-Flange gasket akufanele iphumele epayipini, indilinga yayo yangaphandle ukuya emgodini we-flange bolt ifanelekile. Ayikho i-bevel pad noma ama-gaskets amaningana azofakwa phakathi kwe-flange. Ububanzi bebhawodi elixhuma i-flange kufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-2mm kunombobo we-flange, futhi ubude bentonga yebhawodi evimbayo kufanele bube yi-1/2 yobukhulu bamantongomane. Indlela yokufaka i-Taboo 11 ayilungile. Isibonelo, i-valve yokumisa noma i-valve yokuhlola ukugeleza kwamanzi (i-steam) iphambene nophawu, isiqu sifakwe phansi, i-valve yokuhlola efakwe ngokuvundlile ifakwe ngokuqondile, asikho isikhala esivulekile noma esivaliwe sesibambo se-valve yesango noma i-butterfly. i-valve, nesiqu se-valve efihliwe asibheke emnyango wokuhlola. Imiphumela: ukwehluleka kwe-valve, ukugcinwa kwe-switch kunzima, i-valve stem down ngokuvamile ibangela ukuvuza kwamanzi. Izinyathelo: ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yokufaka i-valve yokufakwa, i-valve yesango ye-stem shiya isandiso esanele sokuphakama kokuvula, i-valve uvemvane icabangele ngokugcwele isikhala sokuzungezisa isibambo, zonke izinhlobo ze-valve stem azikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwesikhundla esivundlile, kodwa hhayi phansi. I-valve efihliwe hhayi kuphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvula nokuvala izivalo zomnyango wokuhlola, ngesikhathi esifanayo isiqu se-valve kufanele sibheke emnyango wokuhlola. I-Taboo 12 Ukucaciswa namamodeli ama-valve afakiwe awahlangabezani nezidingo zokuklama. Isibonelo, ingcindezi ebizwa ngokuthi i-valve ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlola uhlelo; Uma ububanzi bepayipi bungaphansi noma bulingana no-50mm, i-valve yesango isetshenziswa; Ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo omile, isikhuphukeli kusetshenziswa i-valve yokumisa; Ipayipi lokumunca iphampu yomlilo isebenzisa ivalve yevemvane. Imiphumela: kuthinta ukuvulwa nokuvala okuvamile kwe-valve futhi ulungise ukumelana, ukucindezela neminye imisebenzi. Ngisho kubangele ukusebenza kwesistimu, ukulimala kwe-valve ngenkani ukulungiswa. Izinyathelo: ujwayelene nobubanzi bokusebenza bazo zonke izinhlobo zama-valve, ngokuya ngezidingo zokuklanywa kokucaciswa kwama-valve namamodeli. Ukucindezela kwe-valve okuzisholo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokucindezela kokuhlolwa kwesistimu. Ngokwezidingo zekhodi yokwakha: ububanzi bepayipi legatsha lokuphakelwa kwamanzi obungaphansi noma obulingana no-50mm kufanele busetshenziswe i-valve yomhlaba; Ama-valve esango kufanele asetshenziswe lapho ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu kuno-50mm. Ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo nokomisa, i-valve yokulawula eqondile kufanele isetshenziswe i-valve yesango, ipayipi yokudonsa umlilo akufanele isebenzise i-valve butterfly. I-Taboo 13 Valves ayihloliwe njengoba kudingeka ngaphambi kokufakwa. Umphumela: ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, ukushintshwa kwe-valve akuguquki, i-valve ayivaliwe ngokuqinile futhi ukuvuza kwamanzi (umusi) kwenzeka, okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha nokulungiswa, ngisho nokuthinta ukunikezwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile (umusi). Izinyathelo: ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-valve, amandla okucindezela kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlolwe ngokungahleliwe okungu-10% wenani lenqwaba ngayinye (umkhiqizo ofanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo, imodeli efanayo), futhi kungabi ngaphansi kweyodwa. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla nokuqina kufanele kwenziwe ngamunye ngamunye nge-valve evaliwe efakwe epayipini elikhulu futhi idlala indima yokusika. Amandla evalvu nokucindezela kokuhlolwa kokuqina kufanele kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko "zeKhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kokuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Okwakha kanye Nobunjiniyela bokukhipha amanzi kanye nokushisisa" (GB 50242-2002). I-Taboo 14 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko, okokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekwakheni ukuntuleka kwemibhalo yekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ngokuhambisana namazinga amanje kazwelonke noma ongqongqoshe. Imiphumela: Ikhwalithi yephrojekthi ayifaneleki, kunezingozi ezingase zibe khona, ayikwazi ukulethwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngesikhathi esimisiwe, kufanele ilungiswe kabusha; Imbangela ukubambezeleka komkhawulo wesikhathi, ukwanda kwabasebenzi nokokufaka kwempahla. Izinyathelo: izinto ezibalulekile, okokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziselwa ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi kanye nemiklamo yokufudumeza nokuthuthwa kwendle kufanele ihlangabezane nemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezikhishwe uhulumeni noma ungqongqoshe wamazinga amanje; Igama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, ukucaciswa, ikhodi yezinga lekhwalithi likazwelonke, usuku lokulethwa, igama nendawo yomkhiqizi, isitifiketi sokuhlolwa noma ikhodi yokulethwa komkhiqizo izokhonjiswa.