Copper and copper alloy forgings of valve materials

Copper and copper alloy forgings of valve materials

A number of combinations of products of the same shape, of the same species or of the same alloy and material state and of the same thickness or section used for inspection (testing). Product identification provides a scaled-down naming scheme, through which a description of a product can be conveyed quickly and clearly, so that products that meet the requirements of the corresponding European scale can be mutually understood at the international level. Under special circumstances, if the ordering party requires testing of tensile function, it should be at the inquiry and order of small tensile strength, 0. 2% yield strength…

range

This scale defines the composition, function requirements and dimensional and contour tolerances of copper and copper alloy die and free forgings. Sampling procedures, test methods and delivery status are defined to verify compliance with this scale.

Normative reference document

The terms in the following documents become terms of this scale by reference to this scale. For dated citations, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to the Department. However, parties agreed under this criteria are encouraged to explore the availability of such versions. Any undated reference file whose version is appropriate for this scale.

Metal Brinell hardness tests — Part 1: Test methods (GB/T 231.1-2002, eqv ISO 6506-1; 1999).

GB/T 1182 General tolerances, definitions, symbols and drawings for appearance and position (GB/T 1182-1996,eqv ISO 1101:1996)

Metallic Vickers Hardness tests — Part 1: Test methods (GB/T 4340.1 –1999, eqv ISO 6507-1; 1997).

GB/T 10119 brass — Determination of resistance to deszincing (GB/T 10119-1988,eqv ISO 6509:1981)

EN 1655 Specification for conformance of copper and copper alloys

EN 1976 Copper and copper alloys — raw copper castings

EN 10002-1 Tensile tests for metallic materials — Part 1: Test methods (at ambient temperatures)

EN 10204 Types of documentation for the inspection of metal products

EN ISO196 Determination of residual stress in processed copper and copper alloys — Mercury (1) nitrate test (ISO196:1978)

ISO 1811-2 Selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys – Part z: Sampling of cast products and castings – ISO 6957 Copper alloys – ammonia tests for resistance to stress erosion

Note: The references provided for this scale and those cited where appropriate in this edition are listed in the bibliography at Appendix A

definition

The following definitions apply to this scale.

forging

Hot forming a product by hammering or pressing.

Die forging

A product cast in a closed mold.

Free forging

A product cast in an open mold.

Hollow forging

A product cast in a closed die with pellets.

Inspection lot

A number of combinations of products of the same shape, of the same species or of the same alloy and material state and of the same thickness or section used for inspection (testing).

identification

material

General principle

Materials are named by symbols or codes (see Table 1 to Table 8).

symbol

The naming of material symbols is based on the system given in ISO 1190-1.

Note: While the material symbol identification in this scale may be the same as other scales using the ISO 1190-1 naming system, the detailed composition requirements need not be the same.

Code name

The material code is named according to the system in EN1412.

Material state

The following names for systems in EN1173 are used as states of material for this scale:

M The material state of a product that is not capable of being manufactured;

H delimit the products with hardness requirements and name the material state according to the small hardness requirements;

S(suffix) refers to the material state of the stress-relieving product.

Note 1: Products with H status can be classified as Vickers or Brinell hardness, and the designation of H status is the same as the test method for both hardness.

Note 2: In order to reduce residual stress, improve the product’s resistance to stress erosion and improve its dimensional stability after processing, products in the M or H state may undergo special treatment (e.g. to remove mechanical or thermal stress) [see article 5 g), Article 5 h) and 8.4)]

Only one of the above identifiers is used to name the state of the material, except when the suffix S is used.

product

Product identification provides a scaled-down naming scheme, through which a description of a product can be conveyed quickly and clearly, so that products that meet the requirements of the corresponding European scale can be mutually understood at the international level.

Product identification cannot replace the whole content of the scale.

The product identification involved in this scale shall consist of the following contents:

– Name (forgings);

- Scale number (GB/T 20078-2006);

– Material identification, including symbols or codes (see Table 1 and Table 8);

– Material status identification (see Table 10-12)

Product identification is generated as shown below.

Example: Forgings conforming to this scale, with material identification CuZn39Pb3 or CW614N material status H080, shall be identified as follows:

Order information

For the convenience of inquiry, the ordering procedure should be confirmed between the ordering party and the supplier. The ordering party should state in the inquiry and order that the following required ingredients should be consistent with the corresponding materials given in Table 1~ Table 8.

Note: Because the materials defined in this scale vary considerably in deformation resistance, casting temperature, and stress formed in the die, they are divided into three groups that all have similar thermal working characteristics. In addition, the groups were divided into two categories to reflect their availability. Materials of category A generally had higher availability than materials of Category B (see Table 9).

Mechanical function

hardness

The hardness function shall meet the corresponding requirements in Table 10-12.

The orderer should state what test method is to be used. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate methods described in Clause 8.2.

For forgings made of Class s materials, the hardness function shall be subject to the agreement of the ordering party and the supplier.

Tensile function

The required tensile function is not defined in this scale. The values * in brackets in Table 10 to Table 12 are for reference.

Under special circumstances, if the ordering party requires testing the tensile function, it should be a small tensile strength, 0. 2% yield strength at the time of inquiry and order

And elongation, sample location and size, and sample ratio (see art. 5 k)}. In this case, the hardness values * listed in Tables 10 to 12 are for reference.

Forgings of copper and copper alloy for valve materials (ii) using Class A materials listed in Table 13 shall conform to the motor energy specified in Table 13. For forgings using Class B materials listed in Table 9, if the motor energy is required, it must be agreed between the ordering party and the supplier party. In the process of manufacturing, this alloy product can be heated in the range of 470℃~-550℃. If the user needs to heat the material to more than 530℃, the supplier should be consulted for advice. Dimensional tolerances and contour tolerances shall follow the tolerances defined in this scale. If the tolerance is not indicated in the drawing, the tolerance value given in this scale is applied.

Connection: Copper and copper alloy forgings for valve materials (I)

Under special circumstances, if the ordering party requires testing the tensile function, it should be a small tensile strength, 0. 2% yield strength at the time of inquiry and order

And elongation, sampling position and size of the sample, and sampling ratio (see art. 5 k). In this case, the hardness values * listed in Tables 10 to 12 are for reference.

Motor energy

Forgings made from Class A materials listed in Table 13 shall conform to the motor energy specified in Table 13. For forgings made from Class B materials listed in Table 9, if the motor energy is required, it must be agreed between the ordering party and the supplier.

Dezincing resistance

– For Class A materials: relatively large 200μm;

– For Class B materials: uniformly not exceeding 200μm and relatively larger by 400μm[(see Section S i)]

The test shall be carried out in accordance with Article 8.5.

Note: In the manufacturing process, this alloy product can be processed in the range of 470℃~-550℃. If the user needs to heat the material above 530℃, the supplier should be consulted for advice.

Residual stress

Forgings ordered for stress-free states (see Note 2 in 4.2) shall show no crack marks at the time of testing. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with 8. 6.

Die forging tolerance

General principle

The tolerances defined apply to all Class A and Class B materials listed in Table 9. Marked on the forging drawing

Dimensional tolerances and contour tolerances shall follow the tolerances defined in this scale. If the tolerance is not indicated in the drawing, the tolerance value given in this scale is applied.

Note 1; It is recommended that references to this scale be indicated on the diagram

There are two different types of dimensions to distinguish for die forging

a) The dimensions in the die cavity are marked in a perfect module according to the shape of the forging, and do not move to each other, see size n in Figure 1

Note 2: These modules are composed of single and unique components or several components that do not move to each other.

b) The size of the excess die line is derived from two or more dies moving against each other, see size t in Figure 2

Note 3: Figure 3 shows the die forging produced using the molds shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Recommended machining allowances and additional materials are shown in B.3.10 and Table B.6