Amashanyarazi agomba gufatwa nkibibazo Uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi neza

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugomba gufatwa nkibibazo Nigute wakoresha neza amashanyarazi mumashusho yubushakashatsi bwinganda zinganda zinyuranye, guhitamo neza amashanyarazi ni kimwe mubisabwa kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa kugirango akazi gakorwe. Niba gutoranya amashanyarazi yakoreshejwe bidakwiye, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze, ariko kandi bizana ingaruka mbi cyangwa igihombo gikomeye, kubwibyo, amashanyarazi agomba guhitamo neza mugushushanya imiyoboro. Ubwa mbere, ibidukikije bikora byumurongo wamashanyarazi Usibye ibipimo byumuyoboro, valve yamashanyarazi igomba kwita cyane kubikorwa byumuyoboro. Kuberako igikoresho cyamashanyarazi muri valve yamashanyarazi nigikoresho cyumukanishi n amashanyarazi, imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka cyane kubikorwa byayo. Mubihe bisanzwe, valve yamashanyarazi mubidukikije ikora ifite ubwoko 11 bukurikira: 1. Gushyira mu nzu cyangwa gukoresha hanze hakoreshejwe ingamba zo kubarinda; 2, gushiraho hanze, umuyaga, umucanga, imvura, izuba nibindi byangirika; 3, hamwe na gaze yaka, iturika cyangwa ibidukikije byumukungugu; 4, agace gashyushye nubushuhe, ibidukikije bishyuha; 5, ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro uhuza ni hejuru ya 480 ℃ cyangwa hejuru; 6, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri munsi -20 ℃; 7. Biroroshye kurengerwa cyangwa kwibizwa mumazi; 8, hamwe nibikoresho bya radioaktike (amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi nibikoresho byo gupima ibikoresho bya radio) ibidukikije; 9. Ibidukikije ku bwato cyangwa ku kivuko (hamwe na spray yumunyu, ifu, itose); 10, hamwe n'ibihe byo kunyeganyega bikabije; 11, bakunda guhura n'umuriro; Kuri valve yamashanyarazi mubidukikije byavuzwe haruguru, imiterere yibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho ningamba zo gukingira biratandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihuye bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibidukikije byavuzwe haruguru. Babiri, ibisabwa mumashanyarazi asabwa Ukurikije ibisabwa byo kugenzura ibyubuhanga, kuri valve yamashanyarazi, imikorere yayo yo kugenzura irangizwa nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi (ubwoko bwa switch, ubwoko bwabashinzwe). Intego yo gukoresha valve yamashanyarazi nugukingura, gufunga no guhindura imiyoboro ya valve kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi adasanzwe cyangwa kugenzura mudasobwa. Kugeza ubu, gukoresha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ntabwo ari ukuzigama abakozi gusa, kubera ko imikorere n'ubwiza bw'abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye, kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi no guhitamo valve nibyingenzi muburinganire bwubwubatsi. Icya gatatu, kugenzura amashanyarazi yumuriro w'amashanyarazi Ibisabwa cyane kugirango inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda mu gihugu cyacu, uruhande rumwe ruhura n’imikoreshereze myinshi y’amashanyarazi, urundi ruhande ruhura n’ibisabwa kugenzura amashanyarazi nabyo biri hejuru kandi bigoye. Igishushanyo cya valve yamashanyarazi mugucunga amashanyarazi nayo ihora ivugururwa. Hamwe nogutezimbere siyanse nubuhanga, uburyo bushya kandi butandukanye bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi bizakomeza kugaragara. Kugirango harebwe uburyo rusange bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi, hagomba kwitonderwa guhitamo uburyo bwo kugenzura ububiko bwamashanyarazi. Kurugero, ukurikije ibikenewe byumushinga, niba wakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bukomatanyije, buracyari uburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura, niba guhuza nibindi bikoresho, kugenzura porogaramu biracyakoreshwa mugucunga porogaramu ya mudasobwa, nibindi, kugenzura. ihame riratandukanye. Icyitegererezo cyatanzwe nuwakoze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya valve nigipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugenzura amashanyarazi, bityo igice cyo gukoresha kigomba kuba kumenyekanisha tekinike hamwe nuwakoze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango asobanure neza tekiniki. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe duhitamo ibyuma byamashanyarazi, dukwiye gusuzuma niba twagura amashanyarazi yinyongera. Muri rusange, umugenzuzi agurwa ukwe. Mubihe byinshi, mugihe ukoresheje igenzura rimwe, birakenewe kugura umugenzuzi, kuko kugura umugenzuzi byoroshye kandi bihendutse kuruta ibishushanyo mbonera byabakoresha. Iyo imikorere yo kugenzura amashanyarazi idashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa byubushakashatsi, igomba gushyirwa mubikorwa byinganda kugirango ihindure cyangwa ibe yongeye gushushanya. Igikoresho cyamashanyarazi nigikoresho cyingirakamaro kugirango tumenye gahunda ya valve igenzura, igenzura ryikora kandi igenzura kure. Igikorwa cyacyo gishobora kugenzurwa na stroke, torque cyangwa ubunini bwa axial. Kuberako ibiranga akazi nigipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya valve biterwa nubwoko bwa valve, ibisobanuro byakazi byigikoresho hamwe numwanya wa valve mumiyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho, kubwibyo rero, guhitamo neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ni ngombwa kuri irinde ibintu birenze urugero (torque ikora irarenze kugenzura umuriro). Mubisanzwe, guhitamo neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya valve bishingiye kubikurikira: Gukoresha itara rikoresha torque ikora nikintu nyamukuru cyo guhitamo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Ibisohoka bisohoka mubikoresho byamashanyarazi bigomba kuba inshuro 1,21.5 yumuriro wa valve ikora tripode. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimashini nyamukuru kugirango igenzure igikoresho cyamashanyarazi ya thrust valve: imwe ntabwo igizwe na disiki ya disiki, isohoka itaziguye; Ibindi ni iboneza rya disiki ya disikuru, ibisohoka bisohoka binyuze muri disiki ya stem stem nut mubisohoka. Ibisohoka bya shaft bizunguruka nimero ya valve ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bisohoka shaft izunguruka numero ya diameter yizina ryikibaho cya stem, numero yumutwe, ukurikije imibare ya M = H / ZS (M kubikoresho byamashanyarazi bigomba kunyurwa numubare wuzuye wimpeta . Diameter yumuti kumirongo myinshi ifunguye-inkoni, niba diameter nini yumuti yemeranijwe nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi ntishobora kunyura mumashanyarazi, ntishobora guteranyirizwa mumashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, umurambararo wimbere wibisohokayandikiro bisohoka byigikoresho cyamashanyarazi bigomba kuba binini kurenza diametre yinyuma yikibabi cyafunguye-inkoni. Kubirindiro byijimye byijimye mumashami azunguruka hamwe na rot-rotary nyinshi, nubwo bidakenewe gusuzuma diameter yikibiti cya valve, diameter yikibiti cya valve nubunini bwinzira nyamukuru nayo igomba gutekerezwa byuzuye muri guhitamo, kugirango inteko ishobore gukora bisanzwe. Niba gufungura no gufunga umuvuduko wibisohoka byihuta byihuta, biroroshye kubyara amazi percussion phenomenon. Kubwibyo, gufungura no gufunga byihuse bigomba guhitamo ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Igikoresho cyamashanyarazi gifite ibyangombwa byihariye, ni ukuvuga, bigomba kuba bigabanya kugabanya umuriro cyangwa imbaraga za axial. Mubisanzwe, igikoresho cyamashanyarazi ya valve ikoresha guhuza imipaka. Iyo ibisobanuro by'igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi byagenwe, igenzura ryacyo rigenwa. Mubisanzwe mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe cyo gukora, moteri ntizirenza. Ariko nkibihe bikurikira birashobora gutuma umuntu arenza urugero: icya mbere, amashanyarazi ni make, ntashobora kubona itara risabwa, kugirango moteri ihagarare; Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo kugabanya itara ryahinduwe nabi kugirango rirusheho kuba ryinshi kurindi, bivamo guhorana umuriro mwinshi cyane, kugirango moteri iruhuke; Icya gatatu, gukoresha rimwe na rimwe, kubyara ubushyuhe bwo kuzigama, kurenza ubushyuhe bwa moteri; Icya kane, umuzenguruko wuburyo bwo kugabanya torque unanirwa kubwimpamvu runaka, kuburyo itara rinini cyane; Icya gatanu, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwibidukikije ni hejuru cyane, kuburyo ubushyuhe bwa moteri bugabanuka ugereranije. Uburyo bwambere bwo kurinda moteri nugukoresha fus, relaire ikabije, relaux yumuriro, thermostat, nibindi, ariko ubu buryo bufite ibyiza nibibi. Nta buryo bwizewe bwo kurinda ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifite umutwaro uhinduka. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gufata uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza, bukusanyirijwe mubwoko bubiri: kimwe nukumenya kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kwa moteri yinjira; Iya kabiri ni ukumenya umuriro wa moteri ubwayo. Izi nzira zombi, tutitaye kubwoko bwa moteri yubushyuhe bwo gusuzuma igihe cyatanzwe. Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwibanze bwo kurinda ibintu birenze: kurinda kurenza urugero ibikorwa bikomeza cyangwa imikorere ya moteri, thermostat irakoreshwa; Ubushuhe bwumuriro bukoreshwa mukurinda guhagarika moteri; Kubwimpanuka zumuzunguruko mugufi, fuse cyangwa relay irenga ikoreshwa. Nigute ushobora gukoresha amashanyarazi neza neza Igenzura ryamashanyarazi ya valve kubera amashanyarazi akomeje gutera imbere kurwego rwibisabwa byogukora inganda, uruhande rumwe ruhura nogukoresha amashanyarazi menshi kandi menshi, urundi ruhande rukaba rusabwa kugenzura ibyuma byamashanyarazi bigenda biba hejuru kandi hejuru, byinshi kandi bigoye. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rero muruhande rwo kugenzura amashanyarazi igishushanyo nacyo gihora kivugururwa. Hamwe nogutezimbere siyanse nubuhanga no kumenyekanisha mudasobwa, uburyo bushya kandi butandukanye bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi buzakomeza kwiyongera. Kugirango harebwe uburyo rusange bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi, hagomba kwitonderwa guhitamo uburyo bwo kugenzura ububiko bwamashanyarazi. Kurugero, ukurikije ibikenewe byumushinga, niba wakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bukomatanyije, buracyari uburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura, niba guhuza nibindi bikoresho, kugenzura porogaramu biracyakoreshwa mugucunga porogaramu ya mudasobwa, nibindi, kugenzura. ihame riratandukanye. Icyitegererezo cyatanzwe nuwakoze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya valve nigipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugenzura amashanyarazi, bityo igice cyo gukoresha kigomba kuba kumenyekanisha tekinike hamwe nuwakoze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugirango asobanure neza tekiniki. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe duhitamo ibyuma byamashanyarazi, dukwiye gusuzuma niba twagura andi mashanyarazi. Muri rusange, umugenzuzi agurwa ukwe. Mubihe byinshi, mugihe ukoresheje igenzura rimwe, birakenewe kugura umugenzuzi, kuko kugura umugenzuzi byoroshye kandi bihendutse kuruta ibishushanyo mbonera byabakoresha. Iyo imikorere yo kugenzura amashanyarazi idashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa byubushakashatsi, igomba gushyirwa mubikorwa byinganda kugirango ihindure cyangwa ibe yongeye gushushanya. Ukurikije ibisabwa byo kugenzura ibyubuhanga, imikorere yo kugenzura valve yamashanyarazi irangizwa nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi. Intego yo gukoresha valve yamashanyarazi nugukingura, gufunga no guhindura imiyoboro ya valve kugirango ugere kubikoresho bidafite amashanyarazi cyangwa kugenzura mudasobwa. Kugeza ubu gukoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ntabwo ari ukuzigama abakozi gusa. Kuberako imikorere nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byabakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biratandukanye, kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi no guhitamo valve nibyingenzi muburinganire bwubwubatsi. Mubikorwa byubwubatsi, guhitamo neza kwamashanyarazi nimwe mubisabwa kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe. Niba amashanyarazi akoreshwa adatoranijwe neza, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze, ariko kandi bizana ingaruka mbi cyangwa igihombo gikomeye. Kubwibyo, amashanyarazi agomba guhitamo neza mugushushanya imiyoboro. Usibye ibipimo byumuyoboro, valve yamashanyarazi igomba kwita cyane kubidukikije kubikorwa byayo. Kuberako igikoresho cyamashanyarazi muri valve yamashanyarazi nigikoresho cyumukanishi n amashanyarazi, imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka cyane kubikorwa byayo. Mubisanzwe, icyuma cyamashanyarazi kiri mubikorwa bikurikira: 1. Gushyira mu nzu cyangwa gukoresha hanze hamwe ningamba zo kubarinda; 2, gushiraho hanze, umuyaga, umucanga, imvura, izuba nibindi byangirika; 3, hamwe na gaze yaka, iturika cyangwa ibidukikije byumukungugu; 4, agace gashyushye nubushuhe, ibidukikije bishyuha; 5, ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro uhuza ni hejuru ya 480 ℃ cyangwa hejuru; 6, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri munsi -20 ℃; 7. Biroroshye kurengerwa cyangwa kwibizwa mumazi; 8, hamwe nibikoresho bya radioaktike (amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi nibikoresho byo gupima ibikoresho bya radio) ibidukikije; 9. Ibidukikije mu bwato cyangwa ku kivuko (hamwe na spray yumunyu, ifu, itose); 10, hamwe n'ibihe byo kunyeganyega bikabije; 11, bakunda guhura n'umuriro; Kuri valve yamashanyarazi mubidukikije byavuzwe haruguru, imiterere yibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho ningamba zo gukingira biratandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihuye bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibidukikije byavuzwe haruguru.