Kurengera ibidukikije bibisi munsi yinsanganyamatsiko yicyuma cya pompe yamashanyarazi yamurika rusange ya valve karubone ibyuma byubaka tekiniki

Kurengera ibidukikije bibisi munsi yinsanganyamatsiko yicyuma cya pompe yamashanyarazi yamurika rusange ya valve karubone ibyuma byubaka tekiniki

Amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi afite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, yoroheje, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende nibindi byiza biranga.
Mu myaka yashize, pompe idafite ibyuma mu kubaka ubwato, ibinyabiziga bya gari ya moshi n’izindi nganda zitwara abantu byakoreshejwe henshi, hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zikora imashini, pompe y’icyuma izagira ibyifuzo byinshi.
Mu bihe byose by’isoko rya pompe y’icyuma cya 2013, impuguke zasanze isoko rya pompe idafite ibyuma haba mu bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ku isoko ry’isoko ryateye imbere cyane, biteganijwe ko mu 2023 bizagera kuri miliyari 3 z'amayero, bikaba ari inkuru ishimishije ku kigo ndetse no mu gihugu .
Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwisoko, inganda zipompa zidafite ingese zihura nudushya dushya.
Buri kigo nacyo kirahatanira gutangiza mace yacyo, guhora gitezimbere itsinda ryabo ryubushakashatsi niterambere, ubushakashatsi bujyanye nikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kugirango habeho kunoza ubushobozi bwinganda ku isoko.
Mu myaka yashize, urwego rwa tekiniki rwibicuruzwa bya pompe byabashinwa byateye imbere cyane. Binyuze mu kumenyekanisha, kuvugurura, gusya no guhanga udushya, igisekuru gishya cy’ibicuruzwa bya pompe y’Ubushinwa bigeze ku rwego rwo mu mpera za 80 na mbere ya 90′s ku isoko mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bihuye n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’ikoranabuhanga byageze cyangwa byegereye urwego rwohejuru rwibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bisa.
Hamwe n'iterambere ridahwema igihugu cyacu, iterambere ridahwema kwinjiza igihugu.
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umwanda kubera igihe kirekire cyo gukora, ntibyoroshye kubora, kurengera ibidukikije bibisi nibindi byiza byinjiye buhoro buhoro mubikorwa byinganda, pompe yumuyoboro wicyuma nimwe mubyiza.
By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize ibihugu by’inganda zikora ibiribwa byashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa byisumbuyeho, ibikoresho by’ibyuma bitagira umwanda kubera umutekano n’ubuzima, buhoro buhoro bigera ku mateka, ku bisabwa byateganijwe, pompe y’icyuma idashobora kwangirika kuko ibicuruzwa bya pompe byambere bitagira umuyonga byatangiye kumurika mu biribwa ibicuruzwa.
Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa biva mu byuma bya pompe bidafite ingese biganisha ku nganda za pompe bikomeje gutera imbere, kandi ibyo biterwa n’isoko ry’ibikoresho fatizo, hagaragaye ibikoresho bishya bidafite ingese.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ubwabyo kubera kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara nibindi biranga, mugihugu cyacu iterambere ryingenzi ryingufu, peteroli, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, ubucukuzi nizindi nzego bizagira uruhare runini cyane.
Muri iki gihe, pompe y’icyuma igira uruhare mu rwego rwo kwiyongera, mu nganda z’amazi, mu nyubako n’imiterere, inganda zo kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zikenerwa nazo zizazamuka uko umwaka utashye.
Uhereye ku mikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze, kuri ubu, Ubushinwa bugaragara ko bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi hafi 1/4 cy’ibicuruzwa byose ku isi, umuturage ukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda bigera kuri 3.4KG, asimbuka ku isonga mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.
Nyamara, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibikoreshwa wagabanutse gahoro gahoro, uhereye kumurongo witerambere ryihuta cyane hamwe nimpuzandengo yiterambere ryumwaka urenga 30% kugeza kurwego rwiterambere ruhoraho hamwe niterambere rya 6.43%.
Mu nganda z’amazi, umwanda w’amazi mugikorwa cyo kubika no gutwara abantu witabiriwe cyane.
Imyitozo myinshi yerekanye ko ibyuma bitagira umwanda ari ugutegura amazi, kubika, gutwara, kweza, kuvugurura, kwangiza ndetse n’inganda z’amazi n’ibikoresho byiza.
Ibyiza byayo ni: kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya umutingito, kuzigama amazi, isuku (nta ngese nicyatsi kibisi cyumuringa), uburemere bworoshye (bwagabanutseho 1/3), kubungabunga byoroshye, kuramba (birashobora gukoreshwa mumyaka 40), ubuzima buke bwubuzima (LCC), ni icyatsi kibisi gishobora gukoreshwa.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, kuri ubu, Ubuyapani akarere ka Tokiyo umuyoboro w’icyuma utagira umuyonga wageze kuri 76%, igipimo cyo kumena imiyoboro kiva ku mwimerere 14.7% cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 7.5%.
Ibigega byo kubika amazi bitagira umwanda bikomeza kuba byiza nyuma y’umutingito ukomeye wibasiye Osaka, mu Buyapani.
Vuba aha, Ubuyapani bwateje imbere inzogera, bwagabanije igiciro cyo kubaka umuyoboro w’icyuma udafite ingese 20%, igiciro cyose cya 3%, n’igiciro cyo kubungabunga 3/4.
Inganda zidafite ingese ziyobowe na pompe idafite ibyuma, ifite icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere ryisoko, ntabwo ari pompe yicyuma gusa, cyangwa inganda zikenera inganda za pompe yinganda.
Mugushyiramo ibyuma byicyatsi kibisi, pompe yicyuma irashobora guhinduka vanguard muruganda rwa pompe kandi ikagira uruhare mugutezimbere inganda zipompa ibyuma.
Uburyo bwa tekiniki yo kwibagirwa ibyuma bya karubone ya valve rusange (ebyiri) Buri kwibagirwa ubushyuhe bwo gutanura itanura bigomba kuba ikizamini gikomeye, niba kwibagirwa ubushyuhe bumwe bwo gutwika itanura birimo nimero zirenga ebyiri zizunguruka, buri numero yitanura igomba kuba ikizamini gikomeye. Niba kwibagirwa ari bito cyane, ntibishoboka gukora ibizamini bito kugirango bipimishe ikizamini ku kwibagirwa cyangwa gufata ibizamini byose bigereranywa nicyerekezo nyamukuru cyo guhindura ibintu, kandi ntibishoboka gushiraho urutonde rwibizamini byo hejuru byo guhimba, noneho 1% yicyiciro cyangwa ibice 10 (fata agaciro gake) birashobora gukururwa kugirango bigerageze gukomera. Ikizamini cyumuvuduko kizakorwa nyuma ya NDT kandi kizakorwa buri gice. Igice cyo guhimba gishinzwe ubuziranenge bwibizamini.
Kwihuza: rusange ya valve karubone yibagirwa ibintu bya tekiniki (I)
Uburyo bw'ikizamini
Ikizamini cya Tensile
Buri cyiciro cyo kuvura ubushyuhe kigomba gukorerwa ibizamini. Niba kwibagirwa hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe burimo nimero zirenga ebyiri zizunguruka, buri numero yitanura izakorerwa ikizamini.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe butandukanye, ikosa ryubushyuhe riri muri 14 ℃ yubutaka, kandi hariho ibikoresho byo hejuru kandi birebire byafashwe amajwi, umubare w’itanura uzunguruka urahuzwa, kandi hakenewe ikizamini kimwe gusa.
Uburyo bwikizamini cya tensile bugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri GB / T 228.
Niba kwibagirwa ari bito cyane, ntibishoboka gukora ibizamini bito kugirango bipimishe ikizamini ku kwibagirwa cyangwa gufata ibizamini byose bigereranywa nicyerekezo nyamukuru cyo guhindura ibintu, kandi ntibishoboka gushiraho urutonde rwibizamini byo hejuru byo guhimba, noneho 1% yicyiciro cyangwa ibice 10 (fata agaciro ntarengwa) birashobora gukururwa kugirango bigerageze gukomera.
Ikizamini gikomeye
Kubabarira uburyo bwo gupima ubukana ukurikije GB / T 231.1.
Ikizamini
Kubabarira ingaruka zokugerageza ukurikije GB / T 229.
Ikizamini kidasenya
Kwipimisha ultrasonic hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima magnetique uburyo bwo kwibagirwa bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri GB / T4730.
Ikizamini cy'ingutu
Uburyo bwo gupima igitutu bwo kwibagirwa igitutu bugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe GB / T 13927.
Kwibagirwa igitutu bigomba kugeragezwa nyuma yo gukora imashini kugirango harebwe ko nta kumeneka.
Amategeko yo kugenzura
Ibintu byo kugenzura numubare wibagiwe kuri buri cyiciro bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5.
Imbonerahamwe 5 Guhimba ibintu byo kugenzura
Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya mashini bidahuye n'ibivugwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 4, kuvura ubushyuhe bizongera kuvurwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri 3. 3, kandi icyitegererezo kizakorwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri 3.5, kandi ikizamini bizakorwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa na 5.1. Ariko, umubare wokongera kuvura ubushyuhe ntushobora kurenga inshuro ebyiri.
Ikizamini cyumuvuduko kizakorwa nyuma ya NDT kandi kizakorwa buri gice. Igice cyo guhimba gishinzwe ubuziranenge bwibizamini.
Ibisabwa
Imbonerahamwe cyangwa urutonde rwibibazo bigomba kuba bikubiyemo:
a} ibicuruzwa bihimbira igishushanyo, gifite imbonerahamwe nubugome, kwihanganira, umubare wibikoresho nibindi bisabwa;
b) Inzira yo gutanga ibicuruzwa no gushushanya (byemejwe na Demander nibiba ngombwa);
c) Kuvura ubushyuhe nibindi bisabwa birashobora kumvikana nimpande zombi.
d) Ibisabwa byo kwemererwa nibirimo kuzuzwa.
Usaba agomba kumenyesha ishami ryimpimbano mugihe giteganijwe mumasezerano iyo isanze imyanda mugikorwa cyo gusesengura ibicuruzwa cyangwa gutunganya. Niba nta biteganijwe, ntibishobora kurenza iminsi 30.
Imbabazi ziteganijwe guseswa zigomba kubikwa iminsi 30 uhereye umunsi wohereje raporo yikizamini, aho ishami ry’impimbano rishobora gusaba gusubirwamo.
Ikimenyetso n'icyemezo cyiza
Nyuma yo kwibagirwa gutsinda igenzura, ikimenyetso cyujuje ibyangombwa kigomba kuba cyometse. Ibiri mu kimenyetso birimo:
a) Agatabo k'uruganda cyangwa ikirango cy'uruganda,
b) Kode y'ibikoresho;
C code kode yo kuvura ubushyuhe;
d) Gukora igihe cyo kumunwa;
e) Ikimenyetso cy'umugenzuzi.
Kubibagirwa bifite uburemere buke nibimenyetso bigoye, ibimenyetso birashobora gukoreshwa aho, ariko ibimenyetso bigomba kuba mumwanya udahindura ikoreshwa ryimbabazi.
Kwibagirwa bigomba gutangwa hamwe na garanti yujuje ubuziranenge yemeza ko ireme ryibeshya ryujuje ibisabwa nuru rwego.