ʻO ka pahu kinipōpō uila

ʻO nā ʻāpana a pau o ka valve ball ceramic i hoʻopili ʻia me ka medium i hana ʻia me nā mea hana seramika. He kiʻekiʻe loa kona kūpaʻa a me ka paʻakikī (Rockwell hardness hrc90), ka lua wale nō i ke daimana. No laila, he kiʻekiʻe ka pale ʻana o ka valve, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino, ke kūpaʻa erosion, ka insulation wela maikaʻi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela liʻiliʻi, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana desulfurization o ka mea kanu, ka holoi ʻana a me ka ʻōnaehana pōmaikaʻi, ka wai meteor control system, ka ʻoihana kemika a me nā manawa corrosion ikaika.