Mavavu amagetsi ayenera kuganiziridwa mafunso Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma valve amagetsi molondola

Mavavu amagetsi ayenera kuganiziridwa mafunso Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma valve amagetsi molondola

 
Mu kapangidwe ka uinjiniya wa mapaipi a mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kusankha kolondola kwa mavavu amagetsi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Ngati kusankhidwa kwa valavu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito sikuli koyenera, sikungakhudze kugwiritsira ntchito, komanso kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoipa kapena kutayika kwakukulu, choncho, ma valve amagetsi ayenera kusankhidwa molondola pakupanga mapangidwe a mapaipi.

Choyamba, malo ogwirira ntchito amagetsi amtundu wamagetsi

Kuphatikiza pa magawo a payipi, valavu yamagetsi iyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a payipi. Chifukwa chipangizo chamagetsi mu valve yamagetsi ndi makina opangira magetsi ndi magetsi, momwe ntchito yake imagwirira ntchito imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ake ogwira ntchito. Nthawi zonse, valavu yamagetsi pamalo ogwirira ntchito imakhala ndi mitundu 11 iyi:

1. Kuyika m'nyumba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito panja ndi njira zodzitetezera;

2, unsembe panja, mphepo, mchenga, mvula, dzuwa ndi dzimbiri zina;

3, yokhala ndi kuyaka, gasi wophulika kapena chilengedwe chafumbi;

4, malo otentha ndi chinyezi, malo otentha otentha;

5, kutentha kwa sing'anga payipi ndi mkulu monga 480 ℃ kapena pamwamba;

6, kutentha yozungulira ndi pansipa -20 ℃;

7. Zosavuta kusefukira kapena kumizidwa m'madzi;

8, yokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radio (zomera zamagetsi za nyukiliya ndi zida zoyeserera za radioactive) chilengedwe;

9. Chilengedwe pa sitimayo kapena doko (ndi mchere wa mchere, nkhungu, zonyowa);

10, ndi zochitika zachiwawa kugwedezeka;

11, sachedwa nthawi zamoto; Kwa valavu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamwambapa, mawonekedwe ake a chipangizo chamagetsi, zipangizo ndi njira zotetezera ndizosiyana. Choncho, chipangizo choyendera magetsi cha valve chiyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito pamwambapa.

Chachiwiri, zofunikira za valve yamagetsi

Malingana ndi zofunikira zaumisiri, kwa valve yamagetsi, ntchito yake yolamulira imatsirizidwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi (mtundu wa kusintha, mtundu wa regulator). Cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito valavu yamagetsi ndikutsegula, kutseka ndi kusintha mgwirizano wa valve kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi kapena makompyuta. Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi sikungopulumutsa anthu ogwira ntchito, chifukwa ntchito ndi khalidwe la opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana, choncho, kusankha kwa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi kusankha kwa valve ndizofunikira kuti pakhale kufanana kwaumisiri.

Chachitatu, kuwongolera magetsi kwa valve yamagetsi

Zofunikira zapamwamba zopangira mafakitale m'dziko lathu, mbali imodzi ikuyang'anizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri valve yamagetsi, mbali inayo ikuyang'anizana ndi zofunikira zowongolera ma valve amagetsi ndizokwera komanso zovuta kwambiri. Kotero mapangidwe a valve yamagetsi pamagetsi amagetsi amasinthidwanso nthawi zonse. Ndi kusintha kwa sayansi ndi zamakono, njira zatsopano zowonetsera magetsi zidzapitirira kuonekera. Poganizira za kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa valavu yamagetsi, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankha njira yoyendetsera valve yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zosowa za polojekiti, kaya kugwiritsa ntchito chapakati kulamulira mode, akadali mode kulamulira limodzi, kaya kugwirizana ndi zipangizo zina, ulamuliro pulogalamu akadali ntchito ulamuliro pulogalamu kompyuta, ndi zina zotero, ulamuliro wake. mfundo ndi yosiyana. Zitsanzo zoperekedwa ndi wopanga zida zamagetsi za valve ndiye njira yoyendetsera magetsi, chifukwa chake gawo logwiritsira ntchito liyenera kukhala chidziwitso chaukadaulo ndi wopanga zida zamagetsi kuti afotokozere zofunikira zaukadaulo. Kuonjezera apo, posankha ma valve amagetsi, tiyenera kuganizira ngati tigula chowongolera chowonjezera chamagetsi. Kawirikawiri, wolamulirayo amagulidwa mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chimodzi, ndikofunikira kugula wowongolera, chifukwa kugula kwa wowongolera kumakhala kosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kuposa kupanga ndi kupanga kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Pamene magetsi kulamulira ntchito sangathe kukwaniritsa uinjiniya zofunika kamangidwe, ayenera kuperekedwa kwa zomera kupanga kusintha kapena kukonzanso. Chida chamagetsi cha valve ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kuti muzindikire kuwongolera pulogalamu ya valve, kuwongolera zokha komanso kuwongolera kutali. Mayendedwe ake amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi sitiroko, torque kapena kukula kwa axial thrust. Chifukwa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe a chipangizo chamagetsi cha valavu zimadalira mtundu wa valavu, momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito komanso malo a valve mu payipi kapena zida, chifukwa chake, kusankha kolondola kwa chipangizo chamagetsi cha valve ndikofunikira kupewa kuchulukirachulukira (makokedwe ogwira ntchito ndi apamwamba kuposa torque yowongolera). Nthawi zambiri, kusankha kolondola kwa chipangizo chamagetsi cha valve kutengera izi:

Makokedwe ogwiritsira ntchito Makokedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndiye gawo lalikulu pakusankha chipangizo chamagetsi cha valve. Kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwa chipangizo chamagetsi kuyenera kukhala 1.21.5 kuchulukitsa kwa ma valve ogwiritsira ntchito katatu.

Pali mitundu iwiri yamakina akuluakulu kuti athe kuwongolera chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi: imodzi sinakonzedwe ndi thrust disc, torque yolunjika; Chinanso ndi kasinthidwe ka thrust disc, torque yotulutsa kudzera mumtundu wa tsinde la disc kuti mutulutse.

Linanena bungwe kutsinde kugubuduza mphete nambala valavu chipangizo magetsi kutulutsa kutsinde kugubuduza mphete nambala ndi m'mimba mwake mwadzina la vala tsinde phula, ulusi nambala, malinga M=H/ZS kuwerengetsera (M kwa chipangizo magetsi ayenera kukhutitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chonse cha mphete akugudubuza. , H ya kutalika kwa valve yotsegulira, S ya valve stem drive ulusi, Z ya nambala ya ulusi wa valve).

tsinde m'mimba mwake kwa Mipikisano kutembenukira lotseguka ndodo mavavu, ngati lalikulu tsinde awiri anagwirizana ndi chipangizo magetsi sangathe kudutsa tsinde valavu, sangathe anasonkhana mu valavu magetsi. Choncho, m'mimba mwake mkati mwa dzenje linanena bungwe shaft wa chipangizo magetsi ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa awiri akunja tsinde la valavu lotseguka ndodo. Kwa ma valve a mdima wamdima mu dipatimenti yozungulira ma valve ndi ma valve ambiri ozungulira, ngakhale kuti sikoyenera kulingalira kukula kwa tsinde la valve, kukula kwa tsinde la valve ndi kukula kwa njira yofunikira ziyenera kuganiziridwanso mokwanira mu kusankha, kuti msonkhano ugwire ntchito bwino.

Ngati kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa valve yothamanga kwambiri, ndikosavuta kutulutsa chodabwitsa chamadzi. Choncho, liwiro loyenera lotsegula ndi kutseka liyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.

Chipangizo chamagetsi cha vavu chili ndi zofunikira zake zapadera, ndiye kuti, ziyenera kuchepetsa torque kapena mphamvu ya axial. Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo chamagetsi cha valve chimagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira choletsa torque. Chidziwitso cha chipangizo chamagetsi chikatsimikiziridwa, torque yake yolamulira imatsimikiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri mu nthawi yodziwikiratu yogwira ntchito, mota siyidzadzaza. Koma monga zinthu zotsatirazi zingachititse kuti mochulukirachulukira: choyamba, magetsi ndi otsika, sangakhoze kupeza makokedwe chofunika, kuti galimoto kusiya anagubuduza; Chachiwiri, njira yochepetsera torque imasinthidwa molakwika kuti ikhale yayikulu kuposa ma torque onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale torque yopitilira muyeso, kuti injiniyo ipumule; Chachitatu, pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, kwaiye kupulumutsa kutentha, kuposa kuyamikira kutentha kwa galimoto; Chachinayi, kuzungulira kwa makina oletsa ma torque kumalephera pazifukwa zina, kotero kuti torqueyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri; Chachisanu, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kozungulira ndikokwera kwambiri, kotero kuti kutentha kwa injini kumachepa pang'ono. Njira zam'mbuyo zoteteza galimoto ndikugwiritsa ntchito fuse, ma relay opitilira muyeso, ma relay otentha, ma thermostats, ndi zina zambiri, koma njirazi zili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa. Palibe njira yodalirika yotetezera chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi katundu wosinthasintha. Choncho, m'pofunika kutenga njira zosiyanasiyana zophatikizira, zofotokozedwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndiyo kudziwa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa magetsi olowera; Chachiwiri ndicho kudziwa kutentha kwa injini yokha. Njira ziwirizi, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa kutentha kwa injini kuganizira nthawi yomwe wapatsidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira yodzitetezera yolemetsa ndiyo: kutetezedwa kochulukira kwa ntchito yosalekeza kapena kuyendetsa galimoto, thermostat imagwiritsidwa ntchito; Thermal relay imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza kutsekeka kwa magalimoto; Pangozi zazifupi, fuse kapena overcurrent relay imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito valavu yamagetsi molondola

Kuwongolera magetsi kwa valavu yamagetsi chifukwa chakupita patsogolo kwa mlingo wa zofunikira zopangira mafakitale, mbali imodzi ikuyang'anizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu amagetsi ochulukirapo, mbali inayo ikuyang'anizana ndi zofunikira zolamulira ma valve amagetsi akukhala apamwamba ndi apamwamba, ochulukirapo komanso zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake valavu yamagetsi pamagetsi owongolera magetsi amapangidwiranso nthawi zonse. Ndi kusintha kwa sayansi ndi luso lamakono komanso kutchuka kwa makompyuta, njira zatsopano zowonetsera magetsi zidzapitirira kukwera. Poganizira za kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa valavu yamagetsi, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankha njira yoyendetsera valve yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zosowa za polojekiti, kaya kugwiritsa ntchito chapakati kulamulira mode, akadali mode kulamulira limodzi, kaya kugwirizana ndi zipangizo zina, ulamuliro pulogalamu akadali ntchito ulamuliro pulogalamu kompyuta, ndi zina zotero, ulamuliro wake. mfundo ndi yosiyana. Zitsanzo zoperekedwa ndi wopanga zida zamagetsi za valve ndiye njira yoyendetsera magetsi, chifukwa chake gawo logwiritsira ntchito liyenera kukhala chidziwitso chaukadaulo ndi wopanga zida zamagetsi kuti afotokozere zofunikira zaukadaulo. Kuonjezera apo, posankha ma valve amagetsi, tiyenera kuganizira ngati tigula chowongolera chowonjezera chamagetsi. Kawirikawiri, wolamulirayo amagulidwa mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chimodzi, ndikofunikira kugula wowongolera, chifukwa kugula kwa wowongolera kumakhala kosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kuposa kupanga ndi kupanga kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Pamene magetsi kulamulira ntchito sangathe kukwaniritsa uinjiniya zofunika kamangidwe, ayenera kuperekedwa kwa zomera kupanga kusintha kapena kukonzanso.

Malingana ndi zofunikira zoyendetsera uinjiniya, ntchito yolamulira ya valve yamagetsi imatsirizidwa ndi chipangizo chamagetsi. Cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito valavu yamagetsi ndikutsegula, kutseka ndi kusintha mgwirizano wa valve kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi kapena makompyuta. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwamakono kwa zipangizo zamagetsi sikungopulumutsa anthu. Chifukwa chakuti ntchito ndi ubwino wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana, choncho, kusankha zipangizo zamagetsi ndi kusankha ma valve ndizofunikira kuti pakhale kufanana kwaumisiri.

Muumisiri wamapaipi, kusankha kolondola kwa mavavu amagetsi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati valavu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito siidasankhidwe bwino, sichidzakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kubweretsa zotsatira zoipa kapena kutayika kwakukulu. Choncho, valavu yamagetsi iyenera kusankhidwa molondola pakupanga mapangidwe a mapaipi. Kuphatikiza pa magawo a mapaipi, valavu yamagetsi iyenera kusamala kwambiri za chilengedwe cha ntchito yake. Chifukwa chipangizo chamagetsi mu valve yamagetsi ndi makina opangira magetsi ndi magetsi, momwe ntchito yake imagwirira ntchito imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ake ogwira ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, valavu yamagetsi imakhala m'malo otsatirawa:

1. Kuyika m'nyumba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito panja ndi njira zodzitetezera;

2, unsembe panja, mphepo, mchenga, mvula, dzuwa ndi dzimbiri zina;

3, yokhala ndi kuyaka, gasi wophulika kapena chilengedwe chafumbi;

4, malo otentha ndi chinyezi, malo otentha otentha;

5, kutentha kwa sing'anga payipi ndi mkulu monga 480 ℃ kapena pamwamba;

6, kutentha yozungulira ndi pansipa -20 ℃;

7. Zosavuta kusefukira kapena kumizidwa m'madzi;

8, yokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radio (zomera zamagetsi za nyukiliya ndi zida zoyeserera za radioactive) chilengedwe;

9. Chilengedwe pa sitimayo kapena doko (ndi mchere wa mchere, nkhungu, zonyowa);

10, ndi zochitika zachiwawa kugwedezeka;

11, sachedwa nthawi zamoto; Kwa valavu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamwambapa, mawonekedwe ake a chipangizo chamagetsi, zipangizo ndi njira zotetezera ndizosiyana. Choncho, chipangizo choyendera magetsi cha valve chiyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito pamwambapa.