Babban kayan yumbu don aikace-aikacen sabis mai tsauri

Babu ma'anar sabis na yau da kullun. Ana iya la'akari da komawa zuwa babban farashi na maye gurbin bawul ko yanayin aiki wanda ke rage ƙarfin aiki. Bukatar duniya don rage farashin samar da tsari don haɓaka ribar duk sassan da ke cikin matsanancin yanayin sabis. Wadannan sun hada da mai da iskar gas, sinadarai na man fetur zuwa makamashin nukiliya da samar da wutar lantarki, sarrafa ma'adinai da hakar ma'adinai. Masu zane-zane da injiniyoyi suna ƙoƙarin cimma wannan burin ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce ƙara lokacin aiki da inganci ta hanyar sarrafa sigogin tsari yadda ya kamata (kamar ingantaccen rufewa da ingantaccen sarrafa kwarara). Har ila yau, inganta tsaro yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, saboda rage yawan masu maye gurbin zai iya haifar da yanayin samar da lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, kamfanin yana aiki don rage kayan aiki (ciki har da famfo da bawuloli) ƙididdiga da zubar da ake bukata. A lokaci guda, masu wurin suna tsammanin samun babban canji daga kadarorin su. Don haka, haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafawa zai haifar da ƙarancin (amma mafi girman diamita) bututu da kayan aiki da ƙarancin kayan aiki don rafin samfur iri ɗaya. Wannan yana nuna cewa, baya ga yin amfani da manyan abubuwan haɗin tsarin kowane mutum don faɗin diamita na bututu, kuma ya zama dole a jure tsayin daka zuwa ga wurare masu tsauri don rage kulawa a cikin sabis da buƙatun maye gurbin. Abubuwan da suka haɗa da bawuloli da ƙwallon bawul suna buƙatar zama masu ƙarfi don dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ake so, amma kuma suna iya tsawaita rayuwarsu. Koyaya, babbar matsalar yawancin aikace-aikacen ita ce sassan ƙarfe sun kai iyakar aikin su. Wannan yana nuna cewa masu zanen kaya na iya samun madadin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba a aikace-aikace masu buƙata, musamman kayan yumbu. Matsaloli na yau da kullun da ake buƙata don sarrafa abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsauri sun haɗa da juriyar girgiza zafi, juriyar lalata, juriyar gajiya, tauri, ƙarfi, da tauri. Juriya shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci, saboda abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi na iya yin kasala da bala'i. An bayyana taurin kayan yumbu a matsayin juriya ga yaduwa. A wasu lokuta, ana iya auna shi ta hanyar amfani da hanyar shiga don samun ƙimar ƙima ta wucin gadi. Yin amfani da katako mai gefe guda ɗaya na iya ba da sakamakon ma'auni daidai. Ƙarfi yana da alaƙa da tauri, amma yana nufin wuri guda inda abu ya lalace sosai lokacin da ake amfani da damuwa. An fi kiransa da "modulus of rupture" kuma ana samunsa ta hanyar auna ƙarfin lanƙwasa maki uku ko huɗu akan sandar gwaji. Darajar gwajin maki uku shine 1% sama da ƙimar gwajin maki huɗu. Ko da yake ana iya amfani da ma'auni da yawa ciki har da Rockwell hardness tester da Vickers hardness tester don auna taurin, ma'aunin microhardness na Vickers ya dace da kayan yumbu na ci gaba. Taurin yana canzawa daidai da juriyar lalacewa na kayan. A cikin bawuloli masu aiki a cikin yanayin hawan keke, gajiya shine babban damuwa saboda ci gaba da buɗewa da rufewa na bawul. Gajiya ita ce kofa na ƙarfi. Bayan wannan bakin kofa, kayan yana ƙoƙarin yin kasala ƙasa da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na yau da kullun. Juriya na lalata ya dogara da yanayin aiki da matsakaicin da ke ɗauke da kayan. Baya ga “lalacewar hydrothermal”, yawancin kayan yumbu na ci-gaba sun fi karafa a wannan fanni, kuma wasu kayan da ke tushen zirconia za su fuskanci “lalacewar hydrothermal” bayan an fallasa su da tururi mai zafi. Geometry, madaidaicin faɗaɗa thermal, thermal conductivity, tauri da ƙarfi na abubuwan da girgizar zafi ta shafa. Wannan yanki yana da amfani ga haɓakar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, don haka abubuwan ƙarfe na iya aiki yadda ya kamata. Koyaya, ci gaba a cikin kayan yumbura yanzu suna ba da matakan karɓuwa na juriyar girgiza zafi. An yi amfani da ƙwararrun yumbura na shekaru masu yawa kuma suna shahara tsakanin injiniyoyi masu aminci, injiniyoyin shuka da masu zanen bawul waɗanda ke buƙatar babban aiki da ƙima. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikace-aikacen, ya dace da ƙira daban-daban a cikin masana'antu iri-iri. Koyaya, yumbu na ci gaba guda huɗu suna da ma'ana sosai a fagen ɗorewa mai ƙarfi na bawuloli, gami da silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina da zirconia. An zaɓi kayan aikin bawul da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa bisa ga takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Bawul ɗin yana amfani da manyan nau'ikan zirconia guda biyu, waɗanda ke da ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar thermal iri ɗaya da tauri kamar ƙarfe. Magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) yana da mafi girman juriya na girgiza zafin zafi da tauri, yayin da yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ya fi wuya, amma yana da saurin lalacewa ta hydrothermal. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) yana da tsari daban-daban. Silicon nitride (GPPSN) shine abin da aka fi amfani dashi don bawuloli da abubuwan bawul. Bugu da ƙari ga matsakaita taurinsa, yana kuma da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kyakkyawan juriya na zafin zafi da kwanciyar hankali na thermal. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, Si3N4 na iya maye gurbin zirconia don hana lalacewar hydrothermal. Tare da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi, mai tattarawa zai iya zaɓar daga SiC ko alumina. Dukansu kayan suna da babban taurin, amma ba su da wuya fiye da zirconia ko silicon nitride. Wannan yana nuna cewa kayan sun dace sosai don aikace-aikacen sassa na tsaye, irin su bawul liners da kujerun bawul, maimakon ƙwallon bawul ko fayafai waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da su wajen buƙatar aikace-aikacen bawul (ciki har da ferrochrome (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy da Stellite), kayan yumbu na ci gaba suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi da ƙarfi iri ɗaya. Buƙatun aikace-aikacen sabis sun haɗa da amfani da bawul ɗin rotary, kamar bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, trunnions, bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. A cikin irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, Si3N4 da zirconia suna da juriya na girgiza zafi, tauri da ƙarfi, kuma suna iya daidaitawa zuwa mafi yawan wuraren da ake buƙata. Saboda taurin da juriya na lalata kayan aiki, rayuwar sabis na ɓangaren ya ninka sau da yawa na ɓangaren ƙarfe. Sauran fa'idodin sun haɗa da halayen aiki a tsawon rayuwar bawul, musamman a wuraren da aka kiyaye yankewa da ikon sarrafawa. An nuna wannan a cikin yanayin 65mm (2.6 inch) valve kynar/RTFE ball da layin da aka fallasa zuwa 98% sulfuric acid da ilmenite, ilmenite ana canza shi zuwa pigment na titanium oxide. Lalacewar yanayin kafofin watsa labarai yana nufin cewa rayuwar waɗannan abubuwan na iya zama tsawon makonni shida. Koyaya, yin amfani da datsa bawul (mai mallakar magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ)) wanda Nilcra™ ƙera (Hoto 1) yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfi da juriya na lalata kuma an samar dashi tsawon shekaru uku. Sabis na wucin gadi, ba tare da lalacewa da tsagewa ba. A cikin bawuloli na layi (ciki har da bawuloli na kusurwa, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa ko bawul ɗin globe), saboda halayen "wuri mai wuya" na waɗannan samfuran, zirconia da silicon nitride sun dace da matosai na valve da kujerun bawul. Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da alumina a wasu linings da cages. Ta hanyar madaidaicin ƙwallon a kan zoben wurin zama, ana iya samun babban matakin rufewa. Don core bawul, gami da spool bawul, mashiga da kanti ko bawul jiki bushing, kowane daya daga cikin hudu manyan yumbura kayayyakin za a iya amfani da bisa ga aikace-aikace bukatun. Babban ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya na lalata kayan sun tabbatar da cewa suna da fa'ida dangane da aikin samfur da rayuwar sabis. Ɗauki bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido DN150 da aka yi amfani da shi a matatar bauxite ta Australiya a matsayin misali. Babban abun ciki na silica a cikin matsakaici yana haifar da manyan matakan lalacewa akan bushing valve. The liner da valve diski da aka yi amfani da su da farko an yi su ne da 28% CrFe gami kuma sun wuce makonni takwas zuwa goma kawai. Koyaya, saboda gabatarwar bawuloli da aka yi da Nilcra™ zirconia (Hoto na 2), an ƙara rayuwar sabis zuwa makonni 70. Saboda taurinsa da ƙarfinsa, yumbu yana aiki da kyau a yawancin aikace-aikacen bawul. Duk da haka, taurin su ne da juriya na lalata da ke taimakawa wajen tsawaita rayuwar bawul din. Bi da bi, wannan yana rage tsadar rayuwar rayuwar gabaɗaya ta hanyar rage raguwar lokaci don maye gurbin, rage yawan kayan aiki da ƙididdiga, ƙarancin kulawa da hannu, da ingantaccen tsaro ta hanyar rage ɗigo. Na dogon lokaci, aikace-aikacen kayan yumbura a cikin bawuloli masu ƙarfi ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun su, saboda waɗannan bawul ɗin suna ƙarƙashin babban nauyin axial ko torsional. Koyaya, manyan 'yan wasa a cikin wannan filin suna haɓaka ƙirar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa waɗanda ke haɓaka tsira daga juzu'in kunnawa. Sauran babban iyakance shine girman. Girman kujerar bawul mafi girma da ball ball mafi girma (Hoto na 3) wanda magnesia ta sami kwanciyar hankali ta zirconia sune DN500 da DN250, bi da bi. Koyaya, mafi yawan masu tantancewa na yanzu sun fi son yin amfani da yumbu don yin sassan da girmansu bai wuce waɗannan ma'auni ba. Kodayake kayan yumbura a yanzu an tabbatar da su zama zaɓi mai dacewa, har yanzu akwai wasu ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi waɗanda ke buƙatar bi don haɓaka aikin su. Ya kamata a fara amfani da kayan yumbura kawai idan akwai buƙatar rage farashin. Duka ciki da waje yakamata su guje wa sasanninta masu kaifi da damuwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da duk wani rashin daidaituwa na haɓakar zafi yayin lokacin ƙira. Don rage damuwa na hoop, wajibi ne a ajiye yumbu a waje maimakon ciki. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a yi la'akari da buƙatar juriya na geometric da ƙarewar ƙasa a hankali, saboda waɗannan haƙuri na iya ƙara yawan farashin da ba dole ba. Ta bin waɗannan jagororin da mafi kyawun ayyuka a cikin zaɓin kayan aiki da daidaitawa tare da masu kaya daga farkon aikin, za a iya samun ingantacciyar mafita ga kowane aikace-aikacen sabis mai buƙata. An samo wannan bayanin, an sake dubawa kuma an daidaita su daga kayan da Morgan Advanced Materials ya bayar. Manyan Materials-Technical Ceramics. (Nuwamba 28, 2019). Abubuwan yumbu na ci gaba masu dacewa da aikace-aikacen sabis mai mahimmanci. AzoM. An dawo daga https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305 a kan Mayu 26, 2021. Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Kayan yumbu na ci gaba don aikace-aikacen sabis mai mahimmanci". AzoM. Mayu 26, 2021. Manyan Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Kayan yumbu na ci gaba don aikace-aikacen sabis mai mahimmanci". AzoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. (An shiga ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2021). Manyan Materials-Technical Ceramics. 2019. Manyan kayan yumbu masu dacewa da aikace-aikacen sabis mai mahimmanci. AZoM, duba ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx? ArticleID = 12305. AZoM ya tattauna da Mataimakin Farfesa Arda Gozen, George da Joan Berry daga Jami'ar Jihar Washington. Arda wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar cibiyoyi da yawa waɗanda aka sadaukar don ƙirƙirar ɓangarorin injinan kyallen takarda ta hanyar kwaikwayon halayen kyallen jikin ɗan adam. A cikin wannan hira, AZoM ya yi magana da Dokta Tim Nunney da Dokta Adam Bushell na Thermo Fisher Scientific game da tsarin bincike na Nexsa G2. A cikin wannan hira, AZoM da Dr. Juan Araneda, shugaban binciken sunadarai na Nanalysis, sunyi magana game da karuwar amfani da amfani da NMR da kuma yadda za a taimaka wajen nazarin ajiyar lithium. Leco's GDS850 na iya amfani da sikirin fitarwa mai haske don tantance kayan ƙarfe daban-daban. Hakanan yana ba da bayanan ƙididdiga mai zurfi na abu. Yana da kewayon 120-800 nm kuma yana da yawa. Cibiyoyin juyawa na Hardinge® T da SUPER-PRECISION® T jerin cibiyoyin juyawa an san shugabannin kasuwa a cikin madaidaicin aikace-aikacen juzu'i. Muna amfani da kukis don inganta ƙwarewar ku. Ta ci gaba da bincika wannan gidan yanar gizon, kun yarda da amfani da kukis. Karin bayani.